The translation of the Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta Regis Ricardi by Helen Nicholson and William Stubbs described women helping fill in ditches to aid in the battle of acre, picking lice from crusaders, and as washerwomen that accompanied the army (Nicholson and Stubbs, 1997). This particular account does not emphasize the role of the women on the battlefield in the same way as Imad al-Din and Baha al-Din or even Peter von Dusbergs, but is does recognize the presence and assistance of the women on the battlefield and the help …show more content…
The arrival of the news of the fall of Edessa in 1144 triggered the call for a Second Crusade by St. Bernard in Europe (Kelly, 1957). Eleanor, now Queen, responded by offering “her thousands of vassals from Poitou and Aquitaine”; Eleanor would accompany her husband King Louis and it is also noted that along “with the queen came ‘many other ladies of quality’” (Kelly, 1957, p.45). Nicetas, a historian of the crusade, records on page 404 of his work that “in the army were women dressed as men, mounted on horses and armed with lance and battle axe… at the head of these was one in particular richly dressed with the name of [Eleanor]” however, these women are not believed to have fought in battle (as cited in Nicholson, Kelly, 1957, p.51) . Upon the arrival of Louis and Eleanor, they met up with Raymond of Antioch, Eleanor’s cousin whom she had not seen for ten years, and began discussing plans; the plans of the two men, however, conflicted and a disagreement arose between Louis and Eleanor who happened to prefer her uncle’s plan over her husband’s (Kelly, 1957). Eventually, after enraging her husband who then demanded that she set out for Jerusalem with him, Eleanor gives in and follows his plan over Raymond’s (Kelly, 1957). After this, Eleanor began to make plans to annul her marriage to Louis and in fact, journey home to Europe on separate ships; in 1152 the marriage between Eleanor and Louis is annulled (William of Newburg, n.d.). A marriage between Eleanor and the future king of England Henry takes place not long after, and Eleanor once again brought into power (Kelly, 1957). During the following years of their