Preview

efewf

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
964 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
efewf
10 Step Evaluation
Samuel and Bryant ‘Conservation’ Study
1. This study was performed in order to challenge the findings that were made by Jean Piaget relating to cognitive development in children. Samuel and Bryant believed that if a child was asked a question again after already giving an answer then they would be more susceptible to being influenced into giving a different answer even though the child may have already given the correct answer. Samuel and Bryant saw this as a weakness in Piagets claims about cognitive development in children so challenged Piagets theories by conducting his own experiment.
2. The aim of Samuel and Bryant’s study was to challenge Piaget's findings by altering the method used by Piaget. Furthermore the extraneous reason hypothesis was the pre-transformation question is unwittingly forcing the child to give the wrong answer by asking the same question twice.
3. The study by Samuel and Bryant is a lab experiment, because the researchers set different sorts of taks for the children and introduced them in different ways. It is also a quasi experiment because they compared the results of children from different ages. It is also a snapshot study
4. Two disadvantages for this study include; poor ecological validity as the study was conducted as a lab experiment and secondly the fact that all of the children were selected from one area as this will be unrepresentative on the general population. However and advantage of the Samuel and Bryant study being a lab experiment are that it means there will be a high level of control. Another strength of the study is that the independent groups design means that the order in which the experiment is done will not have an effect upon the results
5. The design for this study is a quasi design simply because the children are already devised into different categories depending on their age. Overall there were 252 children participating in the study, they were all between the ages of 5 and 8.5.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Bandura’s experiment was set up by first having 36 boys and 36 girls for a total of 72 children who were all hand picked from the Stanford University Nursery School. The children they used all aged…

    • 1109 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Psyc

    • 382 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Experiments have long been the method of choice in psychology. However, the experimental approach does have its limitations. Describe these limitations and explain why many psychologists have called for more field research…

    • 382 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Ed209 TMA01

    • 2230 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Born in Switzerland in 1896, Jean Piaget (The Open University, 2006b) is known as one of the most influential contributors in the field of developmental psychology. His theory of cognitive development originated from a series of observations conducted in 1920, while working as a translator of intelligence tests in Alfred Binet 's laboratory. Noticing that children tended to give systematic wrong answers, he suggested that these errors revealed a fundamental, qualitative difference in children 's cognitive abilities, and found confirmation of this hypothesis in observations of his own children. Is this relevant? It…

    • 2230 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    6. What is a quasi-experimental research design? Why would a researcher use a quasi-experimental design rather than a true experimental design?…

    • 625 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Social Psychology

    • 2355 Words
    • 10 Pages

    In social psychology there are many researchers who investigated and challenged different theories within including well respected psychologists including; Sheriff(1935); Jenness(1932); Asch(1951); Crutchfield(1955) and Mann(1969). The aim of the study was; guessing how many sweeties were in the jar in a competition fashion and testing if the participants conformed to their guesses. The hypothesis was ' people would conform under group pressures of the pre-set guesses. The null hypothesis was that people would not conform under group pressures unless due to extraneous variables. The experiment was a field experiment using the techniques of independent groups design. The experiment was dressed as a competition based on the following three conditions; high pre-set; control pre-set and low pre-set guesses. The group used random selection in three math classes with the senior pupils of three different levels (higher, intermediate one and intermediate two). The IV (independent variable) that was used was the pre-set guesses and the DV (dependent variable) was the level of conformity performed by the participants. The conclusion of the results showed that 31.25% of the high pre-set guesses conformed (in the reign of 40+), 23.33% of the low pre-set guesses conformed (in the reign of -30) and 43.48% of the control pre-set guesses conformed (within the reign of 25-45). The breakdown of the analysis for instance the mean of all conditions and overall, the range of all conditions and control(appendix 13). After the group completed the experiment thought was put into how testing conformity could be continued. The ideas from the experiment could lead to testing the intelligence levels of people who conform and test is this level of intelligence has an effect on the level of conformity.…

    • 2355 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    To carry out the study, Lee (2010) used a sample of 15 children between two and three…

    • 1099 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Marshmallow Test

    • 377 Words
    • 2 Pages

    There are three types of research methods used in this study. One is experimentation. Experimentation is when researchers manipulate certain variables to see how they affect other variables. There are two types of variables, independent and dependent. The independent variable is the variable that might cause an effect. The dependent variable is the variable that shows the outcome of the experiment by showing the effects of the independent variable. In this study the independent variable is the marshmallow, or the ability to delay gratification. The dependent variable is being able to delay gratification as a child makes one less likely to have behavioral problems, and also do better in school.…

    • 377 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cited: D.T.Cambell, & Cook, T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues. Retrieved March 19, 2011, from http://www.creative-wisdom.com/teaching/WBI/memory.shtml…

    • 619 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Piaget Observation

    • 1505 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Piaget believed that human development involves a series of stages and during each stage new abilities are gained which prepare the individual for the succeeding stages. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences between two stages in Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory—the preoperational stage and concrete operational stage. Cognitive development refers to how a person constructs thought processes to gain understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. The development of new cognitive structures (mental maps or schemas) will be a result of the individual's ability to adapt through mental processes such as assimilation and accommodation and gain intelligence doing so. This involves an on-going attempt to achieve equilibrium, which is a mental balance between cognitive schemes and information from the environment. An experiment was done on three subjects (children) of varying age to explain the transition between the two stages and to determine whether they fit into Piaget's theory according the way they answer the questions during the experiment. Piaget states that this transition is the development of logical thought processes, which are demonstrated by one's ability to conserve, think operationally and understand the concept of reversibility. During the preoperational stage (ages 2-7 years), according to Piaget's theory, one would expect to find that a child's thought is based on perceptual cues and that the child is unaware of contradictory statements. Characteristics include: language & symbol development, egocentrism, irreversibility, ability to think transductively, and classification of single properties. The preoperational stage also includes two substages: preconceptual stage (ages 2-4) and intuitive stage (ages 5-7), where the intuitive stage is usually where transitional characteristics into the next stage are…

    • 1505 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sofosbuvir Essay

    • 1661 Words
    • 7 Pages

    A potential bias with the study design is the small sample size. This may have an impact of how the results of the study are interpreted, it’s more difficult to find…

    • 1661 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The design of this study was precise enough that the researchers were able to examine the specific changes and effects they were interested in. This was accomplished in two ways: firstly, the researches excluded data from their original analyses that was irrelevant – or likely to be irrelevant – to the study; secondly, the design was based on pre-existing data and modeled after previous studies that had been successful in testing similar phenomena.…

    • 1358 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    It is not until the 1960s when Jean Piaget, a Swiss developmental psychologist, introduced his theory of cognitive development that psychologists found out a new light in understanding children’s ways of thinking and mental processing which shows in their stimuli responses and behaviors.…

    • 3141 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Introduction:Piaget believed that there were four main stages in which children pass during cognitive development. The sensorimotor stage lasts for the first two years of a child 's life, and learning primarily occurs through their senses. The child will also develop object permanence. The pre-operational stage is where a child 's thinking becomes more dominated by observation and perception. In this stage, a child develops the ability to decentre, and conservation will follow this development. The concrete operational stage is where children develop full ability to conserve. In the formal operational stage, the child can think hypothetically, and decentration continues through this stage, allowing the child to display hypothetico-deductive…

    • 2664 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    According to (Stangor, 2011. pp. 274), quasi-experimental design is employed when there are two groups of people that cannot be assigned randomly to other groups. Also, in this type of design the variables cannot be manipulated as they would be in other types of experiments and the variables are measured rather than manipulated, (pp.274). In this case, there are four different studies that are important to assess as to their variables and how they would work.…

    • 688 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Piaget’s theory develops different ideas of how children attain knowledge. He sees children as active thinking people. Therefore, children are usually pursuing knowledge. This is considered as a natural characteristic that defines the child. The theory leads to Piaget’s concerned with the growth of intelligence of a child. For Piaget, children build knowledge based on their personal interpretation of the world at the different stages of their life that range from infancy, childhood and adolescence.…

    • 388 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays