ECON 171
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
“Mangroves live life on the edge” (Warne, 2007). Some parts of the mangrove roots are submerged on the water and the other parts are on the land. The mangroves serve as a support system to biodiversity. However, according to World Wild Fund or WWF (n.d.), the world already lost more than 35% of its mangrove forest.
Mangroves are also responsible for carbon sequestration. According to United States Environment and Protection Agency (n.d.), carbon sequestration is capturing and storing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that are emitted to the atmosphere. Terrestrial sequestration is the long-term storage of carbon dioxide and green house gases to trees. In addition, carbon sink refers to more absorbing of carbon dioxide than releasing it.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Carbon Sequestration in Mangroves
2.1.1. Mangroves and Ecosystems Services
Mangroves provide a wide array of ecosystem services, as summarized in Table 1. Carbon sequestration is among the regulating services provided by mangrove forests. It provides an important link between forest and global warming in the global carbon cycle.
Table 1. Ecosystem services of mangroves
Type of ecosystem service Mangrove ecosystem service
Provisioning Food (fish, seafood); fuel, wood, charcoal; timber; paper products, medicine
Regulating Climate regulation, carbon sequestration and storage; soil stabilization; flood mitigation; storm protection, protection from strong winds and waves; erosion control
Cultural Aesthetic, spiritual, educational, recreational values
Supporting Sediment and nutrient retention; soil formation, soil accretion; primary production; water quality improvement through filtration of sediments and pollutants, protection of fresh water resources from salt water intrusion; nursery grounds and breeding sites for birds, mammals, fish, crustaceans, shellfish, and reptiles.
Source: Jerath (2012).
2.1.2. Carbon Sinks in Mangroves
INTRODUCTION
“Mangroves live life on the edge” (Warne, 2007). Some parts of the mangrove roots are submerged on the water and the other parts are on the land. The mangroves serve as a support system to biodiversity. However, according to World Wild Fund or WWF (n.d.), the world already lost more than 35% of its mangrove forest.
Mangroves are also responsible for carbon sequestration. According to United States Environment and Protection Agency (n.d.), carbon sequestration is capturing and storing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that are emitted to the atmosphere. Terrestrial sequestration is the long-term storage of carbon dioxide and green house gases to trees. In addition, carbon sink refers to more absorbing of carbon dioxide than releasing it.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Carbon Sequestration in Mangroves
2.1.1. Mangroves and Ecosystems Services
Mangroves provide a wide array of ecosystem services, as summarized in Table 1. Carbon sequestration is among the regulating services provided by mangrove forests. It provides an important link between forest and global warming in the global carbon cycle.
Table 1. Ecosystem services of mangroves
Type of ecosystem service Mangrove ecosystem service
Provisioning Food (fish, seafood); fuel, wood, charcoal; timber; paper products, medicine
Regulating Climate regulation, carbon sequestration and storage; soil stabilization; flood mitigation; storm protection, protection from strong winds and waves; erosion control
Cultural Aesthetic, spiritual, educational, recreational values
Supporting Sediment and nutrient retention; soil formation, soil accretion; primary production; water quality improvement through filtration of sediments and pollutants, protection of fresh water resources from salt water intrusion; nursery grounds and breeding sites for birds, mammals, fish, crustaceans, shellfish, and reptiles.
Source: Jerath (2012).
2.1.2. Carbon Sinks in Mangroves
References: United States Environmental Protection Agency.____. Carbon Sequestration through Reforestation—A local solution with global implication. Retrieved October 5, 2013 from http://www.epa.gov/aml/revital/cseqfact.pdf. Warne, K. (February 2007). Mangroves. National Geographic. Retrieved October 5, 2013 from http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/02/mangroves/warne-text