Ecological Consequences Of Pollution In Our Oceans

**List the more common ecological consequences to pollution in our oceans

**Define sustainable yield
**Define Exclusive Economic Zone
**List the benefits and drawbacks of aquaculture
**Define and explain the causes of eutrophication, red tides
**List the main causes of ocean pollution
**Define by-catch
**Define precautionary principle
**List the major consequences of global climate change on our ocean ecosystems
**List the main ways we use global sea catch

Ted talks:
How I fell in love with fish
15 to 1 / 2.5 to 1 feed chicken to fish. German fish marshland doesn’t feed animals self-renewing 600,000 birds 250 species we farm extensively not intensively farm has no impurities create clean water into ocean 1 billion
Oceans serve as great reservoir of dissolved gases, which helps to regulate the composition of the air we breathe.
Fed by sediments washed off the land, the shelves are often very fertile and support abundant fisheries.
Ocean gradients 4-10 times steeper that reach as far as 500 meters which drop to nearly 3,000 metres or more until they meet the “foothills” of the abyssal floor; deepest is 11,000 metres.
The ocean is a single dynamic medium, its waters constantly on the move under the influence of the sun’s heat (provides initial thrust)
Major currents “travelators” deliver huge masses of water over long distances
Peru current and Benguela current South Africa produce marine bonanzas bring in nutrient rich waters dragged to the surface by offshore winds- plankton, fish, and seabirds
The “sea” hemisphere is almost all water – over 90% even “land” hemisphere is still 50% water

Page 78

Ocean is where life began. Phytoplankton (greek meaning “drifting plants”) The great barrier reef of northeastern Australia harbours 400 types of coral, 1,500 species of fish and 4,000 species of
Pollution control the ocean offers scope for dispose of waste under international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships known as MARPOL limits are set on the amounts of oil noxious substances sewage and garbage that ships can discharge oil cargoes can be fingerprinted through additives and culprits of pollution identified London dumping convention 72’ which banned the dumping of radioactive waste at sea black list requiring special authorization grey list of substances permitted to be dumped in trace amounts agreement rules for dumping Bonn agreement 69’ focused on control of oil poll in North sea member countries agree cooperate in any clean up operations the Helsinki convention 74’ first to cover marine pollution work at regional level prototype for united nations environment program UNEP initiatives involves 140 states territories environmental diplomacy GPA global program of action same thing original MARPOL protocol introduced new methods of washing oil cargo tanks make use of inert gas compulsory cutting threat of explosions set min distances from land for the discharge of treated and untreated sewage garbage and toxic waste MAP Mediterranean action plan 75’ 15 states and EC 6 protocols crude oil washing technology replaces washing out of crude oil tanks at sea serious pollution waxy and asphaltic tank sediments are dispersed by washing w/ high pressure jets of crude oil diverted from ships cargo during discharge Precautionary principle giving the