Earthquake Resistance Structure
INDEX
1)Abstract
2)Introduction
3)Causes of earthquakes
4)Basic terminology:
a)Hypocentre, b)Epicentre c)Focal depth
5)Earthquake size a)Magnitude
b)Intensity
6) Earthquake hazard
a)Primary effects
b)Secondary effects
7)Earthquake loads on buildings
8)How Buildings Respond to Earthquakes
9)Common Modes of Failure
a)Structural failure
A)sliding shear
B) Diagonal cracks
C)Effect of overturning
b)Nonstructural failure
c)Site Failures
d)Foundation Failures
10)Designing Masonry Buildings for Earthquakes a) Masonry Materials b) Construction Systems A) Walls
B)Door and window openings
C)Floors and Roofs
11)Conclusions
12) References
Abstract
The paper summarizes and analyses the basic requirements associated with initial conceptual design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings that are included in Eurocode 8 (EC8) into an easily understandable synopsis accompanied with practical examples and pictures. The synopsis is intended to be used by architects and other types of engineers; its purpose is to increase the knowledge about the rules of earthquake resistant design, especially about those that should be respected during initial conceptual design of the building. In this way we can approach the problem of constructing an earthquake resistant structure from another end, by trying to avoid the “bad” structure layouts already during the initial design phase.
Introduction
The experiences from the past strong earthquakes prove that the initial conceptual design of a building is extremely important for the behaviour of the building during an earthquake. It was shown repeatedly that no static analysis can assure a good dissipation of energy and favourable distribution of damage in irregular buildings, such as, for example, structures with large asymmetry or
1)Abstract
2)Introduction
3)Causes of earthquakes
4)Basic terminology:
a)Hypocentre, b)Epicentre c)Focal depth
5)Earthquake size a)Magnitude
b)Intensity
6) Earthquake hazard
a)Primary effects
b)Secondary effects
7)Earthquake loads on buildings
8)How Buildings Respond to Earthquakes
9)Common Modes of Failure
a)Structural failure
A)sliding shear
B) Diagonal cracks
C)Effect of overturning
b)Nonstructural failure
c)Site Failures
d)Foundation Failures
10)Designing Masonry Buildings for Earthquakes a) Masonry Materials b) Construction Systems A) Walls
B)Door and window openings
C)Floors and Roofs
11)Conclusions
12) References
Abstract
The paper summarizes and analyses the basic requirements associated with initial conceptual design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings that are included in Eurocode 8 (EC8) into an easily understandable synopsis accompanied with practical examples and pictures. The synopsis is intended to be used by architects and other types of engineers; its purpose is to increase the knowledge about the rules of earthquake resistant design, especially about those that should be respected during initial conceptual design of the building. In this way we can approach the problem of constructing an earthquake resistant structure from another end, by trying to avoid the “bad” structure layouts already during the initial design phase.
Introduction
The experiences from the past strong earthquakes prove that the initial conceptual design of a building is extremely important for the behaviour of the building during an earthquake. It was shown repeatedly that no static analysis can assure a good dissipation of energy and favourable distribution of damage in irregular buildings, such as, for example, structures with large asymmetry or
References: [1] EUROPEAN STANDARD prEN 1998-1, Revised Final PT Draft (preStage 49), Draft May 2002 prEN 1998-1:200X, Doc CEN/TC250/SC8/N317. Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, CEN, European Committee for Standardization. [2] Paulay, T., Priestley M.J.N., Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings. Birkhauser-Verlag, USA, 1992. [3] Nilson, A. H., Winter, G., Design of concrete structures. McGraw-Hill, Inc., USA,1991. [4] Fischinger, M., Cerovšek, T. & Turk, Ž., EASY: a hypermedia learning tool. Electronic journal of information technologies in construction, vol. 3, pp 1-10,1998. [5] Dorris, -V.K., Seeking structural solutions. Civil engineering, v.66, no.11, pp 46-49, November, 1996.