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WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES - Wastewater Treatment Technology for Tanning Industry
- R. A. Ramanujam, R. Ganesh, J. Kandasamy
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR TANNING
INDUSTRY
R. A. Ramanujam
Department of Environmental Technology, Central Leather Research Institute,
Chennai, India
R. Ganesh
Department of Environmental Technology, Central Leather Research Institute,
Chennai, India
J. Kandasamy
Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
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PL O
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C EO
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TE S
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Keywords: leather industry, tanning process, tannery wastewater, treatment methods, aerobic, anaerobic, reverse osmosis.
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Tanning: Historical Developments
1.2 Tanning Industry: A Global Outlook
2. Tanning Process
2.1 Beam House Operations
2.1.1 Trimming and Desalting
2.1.2 Soaking
2.1.3 Liming
2.1.4 Reliming
2.1.5 Deliming
2.2 Tanning Operations
2.2.1 Pickling
2.2.2 Chrome Tanning
2.2.3 Rechroming
2.2.4 Neutralisation
2.2.5 Dyeing, Fat Liquoring and Retanning
3. Leather industry – Source of Environmental Pollution
4. Water Quality Standards and Environmental Legislations
5. Technology for Controlling Pollution by Tanneries
5.1 Preliminary or Pre-treatment
5.2 Primary Treatment
5.3 Secondary or Biological treatment
5.3.1 Anaerobic Treatment Methods
5.3.2 Aerobic Treatment Methods
5.3.3 Bottlenecks of Aerobic Treatment Methods
5.3.4 Tertiary Treatment
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Glossary
Bibliography
©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems(EOLSS)
WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES - Wastewater Treatment Technology for Tanning Industry
- R. A. Ramanujam, R. Ganesh, J. Kandasamy
Biographical Sketches
Summary
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SA NE
M SC
PL O
E –
C EO
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AP LS
TE S
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The leather industry is a major industry on an international scale and is of significant economic importance. The industry has received criticism on environmental grounds and the tanning industry has been viewed to be a major source of water
- R. A. Ramanujam, R. Ganesh, J. Kandasamy
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR TANNING
INDUSTRY
R. A. Ramanujam
Department of Environmental Technology, Central Leather Research Institute,
Chennai, India
R. Ganesh
Department of Environmental Technology, Central Leather Research Institute,
Chennai, India
J. Kandasamy
Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
U
SA NE
M SC
PL O
E –
C EO
H
AP LS
TE S
R
S
Keywords: leather industry, tanning process, tannery wastewater, treatment methods, aerobic, anaerobic, reverse osmosis.
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Tanning: Historical Developments
1.2 Tanning Industry: A Global Outlook
2. Tanning Process
2.1 Beam House Operations
2.1.1 Trimming and Desalting
2.1.2 Soaking
2.1.3 Liming
2.1.4 Reliming
2.1.5 Deliming
2.2 Tanning Operations
2.2.1 Pickling
2.2.2 Chrome Tanning
2.2.3 Rechroming
2.2.4 Neutralisation
2.2.5 Dyeing, Fat Liquoring and Retanning
3. Leather industry – Source of Environmental Pollution
4. Water Quality Standards and Environmental Legislations
5. Technology for Controlling Pollution by Tanneries
5.1 Preliminary or Pre-treatment
5.2 Primary Treatment
5.3 Secondary or Biological treatment
5.3.1 Anaerobic Treatment Methods
5.3.2 Aerobic Treatment Methods
5.3.3 Bottlenecks of Aerobic Treatment Methods
5.3.4 Tertiary Treatment
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Glossary
Bibliography
©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems(EOLSS)
WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES - Wastewater Treatment Technology for Tanning Industry
- R. A. Ramanujam, R. Ganesh, J. Kandasamy
Biographical Sketches
Summary
U
SA NE
M SC
PL O
E –
C EO
H
AP LS
TE S
R
S
The leather industry is a major industry on an international scale and is of significant economic importance. The industry has received criticism on environmental grounds and the tanning industry has been viewed to be a major source of water
Bibliography: provides a good review on tanning processes] CLRI (1998) Waste Management, Report submitted to Department of Biotechnology, India, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India, 1998. Eckenfelder, W.W. (1966) Industrial Water Pollution Control, McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y. [this is a good textbook reference for the practising engineer] FAO (2001) World Statistical Compendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear 1982–2000, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome statistical information on the Leather and Footwear industry] ITC (1999), International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO, United Nations Statistics Division, Geneva, Kothadaraman V. (1972). Characteristics of waste from typical tanneries, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India, 1972 Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. (1972) Wastewater Engineering, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. [this is a good textbook reference for the practising engineer] Nemerow, N. L. (1971), Industrial Water Pollution – Origin, Characteristics and Treatment, AddisonWesley Publishing Company Inc., Philippines, 1971 Ramanujam, R Scholz, W. G. (2008) Membrane technologies for recovery of water from tannery effluents. Leather Research Industry Get-together, CLRI, Chennai, India, 28-30 January 2008 USEPA (1980), Treatability Manual, Industrial Description - Vol. II - ORD, USEPA, Washington DC 20460