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Reading – Writing Assignment 2
Write a 500-word essay on the following topic: Explain the factors that affect human’s IQ (Intelligence Quotient).
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Recent research has equipped numerous evidences as well as complicated a vigorous debate about the effect of nature and nurture on human intelligence. While a majority of geneticists and behavioral scientists have currently accepted the assumption of the idea that human intelligence is affected both genetic and environmental influences, there is great disagreement on the degree of influence each contributes. This essay will focus on the effects of heredity and environment on human’s IQ.

With regard to genetic factor, there have been many discoveries proving the heredity’s influence on IQ, which refers to genetically transmitted characteristics from generation to generation. Each person will possess individual genetic heritage called genotype which is expressed in observable appearance, for example height and weight, and psychological characteristics such as intelligence, personality and creativity. To examine the view that intelligence is largely inherited, scientists have conducted a number of studies, specifically the studies of twin children. According to a review of twin studies by Bouchard and McGue (1981), identical twins reared in disparate milieu still share the same IQ scores. This indicates that IQs are very well correlated with heredity.

Albeit there is a certain baseline of intelligence that humans are born with, human’s intelligence is, to some extent, affected by nurture. Concerning environmental factors, the intellectual capability of a child is induced by both biological and sociocultural influences. Whilst the former embrace everything from nutrition to stress, and begin to shape intelligence from the prenatal stage onward, the latter can be natural habitat or home environment. It is obvious that a well balanced diet, medical care and physical exercise help enhance a child’s intelligence

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