Preview

Does Critical Mass Matter

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
6764 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Does Critical Mass Matter
To
Director General Planning And Development Academy

Kind Attention: Md. Mostaq Ahmed, Director.

Sub : Request to Publish and Article on “Does Critical Mass Matter? An Inquiry into Descriptive Representation of Women Member of Parliament in Bangladesh

Dear Sir,
I will appreciate if you kindly have the attached article published in your Magazine at your earliest.

Thanks yours,

(Md. Monir Uddin)
Joint Secretary
M/O Finance Division
Bangladesh Secretariat.

Does Critical Mass Matter? An Inquiry into Descriptive Representation of Women Member of Parliament in Bangladesh

Md .Monir Uddin
Joint Secretary, Finance Division, Ministry of Finance, GoB of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Md. Koushik Ahmed
Head of Communication & Associate Coordinator at Eminence
Md. Reazul Haque, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka

Abstract
Over the last few decades there has been growing tension on the issue of representation of women in the parliament with the advent of feminist movement. Westminster countries thereby have undergone a number of experiments. As a response to pacify the growing tensions attempts including changes in the electoral system, party culture etc have been ventured to increase the participation or representation of women in the parliament in the Westminster countries. Among the main four Westminster countries (United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and New Zealand) New Zealand has achieved very noticeable changes in the representation of women in the parliament. United Kingdom, the mother country of Westminster has also encountered a number of changes in the electoral system. This wave of change has not been confined only in Westminster countries. It has rather stirred the curtain of the parliament of other country, especially those which were under the rule of British East India Company for a long period of time. In all these Westminster countries both descriptive and substantive



References: Ahmed, Kamal Uddin,Women and Politics in Bangladesh Ahmed, Nizam. Limits of Parliamentary Control: Public Spending in Bangladesh (Dhaka, UPL, 2006) Ahmed, Nizam and A.T.M Firoj, Jalal. Women in Bangladesh Parliament (Dhaka, A.H. 2007) Haque, Reazul, “ Floating Sex Workers in Dhaka City: A Human Rights Perspective”, Institute of Social Studies, Hague, November 2005 Krook, Mona Lena, “ Women’s Representation in Parliament: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis”, Political Studies, 2010, Vol-58, 886-908 Krook, Lena Mona, “Why Are Fewer Women than Men Elected?Gender and the Dynamics of Candidate Selection” Melander, Erik, “Gender Equality and Interstate Armed Conflict”, International Studies Quarterly, 2005,49,675-714 Norton, Philip, A Century of Change, Parliamentary Year Book Trust 2001 Women for Women. Empowerment of Women from Nairobi to Beijing (Dhaka,1995) Women for Women

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Most women today are employed as pink-collar workers in clerical work, sales, and services; jobs intended just for females. Furthermore, many men do not support women’s attempt to gain economic equality because they believe this would threaten their superior status in the job market and at home. Regarding educational attainment, women’s role has been traditionally limited to the household, while men have always been figures in the public sphere. The emphasis on this tradition has impacted women greatly. Women compromise two thirds of illiterate persons worldwide. In regards to gender political representation, women have been far less visible than men in politics. Male dominance is associated with politics due to the aspects of power and authority. Women’s ultimate fight for the right to vote was at the beginning of the twentieth century, unfortunately we continue to fight and face opposition in the political…

    • 936 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    This is perhaps best demonstrated through the state of female representation in federal politics. In the Abbott ministry initially only one woman (Deputy Liberal Leader - Julie Bishop) held a ministerial position, being two fewer than the Afghani government at the same time (news.com). This situation has changed under the subsequent Turnbull government, increasing the number of female ministry members to five (SMH Turnbul reshuffle), but is still not an accurate reflection of gender distributions in Australia. Further, under representation of women is also evident in politics as a whole with women representing 24%, and 30% of the NSW Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly respectively (Parliament NSW), and federally representing 42% and 27% of the Senate and House of Representatives respectively (aph), further corroborating the notion of a gender disconnect in…

    • 1621 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Prior to 1921, men were the only members of the Canadian parliamentary system. With the first Canadian women being elected into the Canadian parliament in 1921, women have had the ability to participate and become elected into the House of Commons. Since then, Canadian women’s participation in the House of Commons has substantially increased from 1 female seat holder in 1921 to the present day 64 seats held by women. Although this increase is seemed as substantial, the debate about the underrepresentation of women in politics has been a central topic of debate by politicians, scholars and the general public in Canada. Although it is widely agreed that representation of women in the House of Commons needs to increase, there are two fundamentally different views regarding this underrepresentation; the explanatory perspective and the feminist perspective. The explanatory perspective argues that “political institutions should reflect the composition of civil society” , while the feminists perspective argues that, “since women offer unique perspectives, their exclusion from political power means that their needs, demands, and interests would currently not be echoed in the political arena.” However, through the assessment of the definition of democracy, and the evaluation of the feminist’s arguments and explanatory perspectives, the relatively low number of women elected to the House of Commons does not mean the Canadian political system is insufficiently democratic.…

    • 1725 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Voter Characteristics

    • 1119 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Women’s involvement in politics is something we see common in today’s world, but it never used to be like this. In 1917, capitol hill saw a major change with the induction of the first female Representative, Jeannette Rankin of Montana. Ever since, women have been more actively involved in our political system. Currently there are 104 women that hold seats in Congress which make up 19.4% of the 535 members of congress. In the Senate there are 21 women and 83 women in the House of Representatives. Of these 104 women, 78 are belong to the Democratic and 26 are Republican (Rutgers).…

    • 1119 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    Lovenduski, J. (1992). Gender and Politics. In Hawkesworth, M. & Kogan, M., Encyclopedia of Government and Politics (pp 603-615). London, England: Routledge.…

    • 3698 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    (AL) secured a landslide victory in what were widely acknowledged to be the fairest elections in the country’s history. The hope, both at home and abroad, was that Sheikh Hasina would use her mandate to revitalize democratic institutions and pursue national reconciliation, ending the pernicious cycle of zero-sum politics between her AL and its rival, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). Three and a half years on, hope has been replaced by deep disillusion-meant, as two familiar threats to Bangladesh’s democracy have returned: the prospect of election-related violence and the risks stemming from an unstable and hostile military. Instead of changing the old pattern of politics, the AL gov- ernment has systematically used parliament, the executive and the courts to reinforce it, including by filing corruption cases against Khaleda Zia, the BNP chairperson, and employing security agencies to curb opposition activities. Most worrying, however, is the AL-dominated parliament’s adoption of the fifteenth amendment to the constitution, which scraps a provision mandating the formation of a neutral caretaker administration to oversee general elections. The caretaker system was a major practical and psycho-Logical barrier to election-rigging by the party in power. Removing it has undermined opposition parties’ confidence in the electoral system. If the AL does not reverse course and accept such a caretaker, the chances of an opposition boycott of the 2013 elections are high and with it a return to the de-pressingly familiar pattern of zero-sum political competition between the AL and the Bangladesh National…

    • 3410 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    First of all, I would like to thank my course teacher to give me a great opportunity to read out such an effective book through which I could realize the actual evaluation of women in development issues. The book that I have reviewed for my assignment is “THE ELUSIVE AGENDA: Mainstreaming Women in Development” authored by Dr. Rounaq Jahan. The Book was published in 1995, from The University Press Limited, Dhaka.…

    • 5042 Words
    • 21 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    It is well known that women’s employment in South Asia is lower than in any other part of the world except perhaps the Middle East. The women’s employment rates in Bangladesh despite increase over the last decade is the increase in younger women’s employment, the low opportunity for employment for poor women and the sharp rise in women reporting unpaid work. But opportunities for educated women are increasing and combined with the increase in educational attainment. Gender gap in employment still remains very high as male labor force participation is close to universal. The prevalence of working for a cash wage is low for both men and women, with less than one fourth of all men and less than four percent of all women working for a cash wage. Working for pay is common among poor, married women in Dhaka and working women commonly make an important contribution to household income. There is evidence that working women are more likely to manage money, shop for household provisions and move about outside the home than non-working women. In Bangladesh, as elsewhere in South Asia, the policy response to women’s employment has been largely through anti-poverty programs, safety-nets, social protection initiatives, small livelihoods programs, and micro-credit with less attention to the manner in which this links to the macro policy framework. Issues of wage discrimination, links to markets for women’s rural groups and their scaling up have been in the public discourse, but have largely been ignored by policy.…

    • 706 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: Islam, M. (1994). “Women in Rural Development” in Rural Development in Bangladesh: Strategies and Experiences, Camilla: Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD).…

    • 3666 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The Title Gender Inequality In Modern Hong Kong Society. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................……….i LIST OF GRAPHS...............................................................................................……...…

    • 9413 Words
    • 38 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Democracy is not only a kind of governance. Total political participation of women with men is essential for success of democracy. Number of women in formal structure of politics is very less after six decades after independence. There are 33% reservation for active participation of politics of women in Gujarat state. In this politics, women who become president (Sarpanch) of Panchayat, member and chairperson of District Panchayat give their thumb impression keeping veiled themselves. Their position is like a doll whose guiding rope is kept with male persons. Here an attempt has been made in this paper to examine how her position and participation with reference to Gram Panchayat of Kheda district. Data and information are collected by taking personal interview of women members.…

    • 1373 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Participatory Governance

    • 3046 Words
    • 13 Pages

    out by Merilee S. Grindle on Good Enough Governance suggests that lack of progress on…

    • 3046 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    4. Sooryamoorthy, R., “Women yet to climb the political ladder”; The Hindu, 17th June 1999…

    • 1377 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Bangladesh Women

    • 1753 Words
    • 8 Pages

    4.1 Bangladesh in the South Asian Context: It is well known that women’s employment in South Asia is lower than in any other part of the world except perhaps the Middle East. Bangladesh is at the lower end of the South Asian spectrum and intuitively to those who know the country this seems inexplicable, given that key catalysts of female employment, viz. secondary school education and fertility rates, have had such impressive performance. Unlike other countries in South Asia, however, there has been a sharp growth – an increase of almost one and a half times - in women’s employment in Bangladesh in the last decade (1995-2003) coinciding with…

    • 1753 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Working Women.Doc

    • 4961 Words
    • 20 Pages

    Women have been active in a sporadic fashion in Bangladesh’s history. They have acted as enlightened individuals, speaking out against excess- vie aspects of women’s subordination. One example is Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain whose essays and short stories caricatured the practice of purdah in the early twentieth century. Women have participated in different political…

    • 4961 Words
    • 20 Pages
    Powerful Essays