Document 3

Adolescent Brain Maturation and Cortical Folding:
Evidence for Reductions in Gyrification
Daniel Klein1,2, Anna Rotarska-Jagiela1, Erhan Genc1,2, Sharmili Sritharan1,2, Harald Mohr3,4,
Frederic Roux1,2, Cheol E. Han5, Marcus Kaiser5,6, Wolf Singer1,2,7, Peter J. Uhlhaas1,2,8*
1 Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2 Ernst Stru¨ngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in
Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 3 Department of Neurocognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe
University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 4 Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am
Main, Germany, 5 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 6 School of Computing Science and Institute of
Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 7 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main,
Germany, 8 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Abstract
Evidence from anatomical and functional imaging studies have highlighted major modifications of cortical circuits during adolescence. These include reductions of gray matter (GM), increases in the myelination of cortico-cortical connections and changes in the architecture of large-scale cortical networks. It is currently unclear, however, how the ongoing developmental processes impact upon the folding of the cerebral cortex and how changes in gyrification relate to maturation of GM/WM-volume, thickness and surface area. In the current study, we acquired high-resolution (3 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 79 healthy subjects (34 males and 45 females) between the ages of 12 and 23 years and performed whole brain analysis of cortical folding patterns with the gyrification index (GI). In

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