DKA HHS
DKA HHNS
Onset Sudden Gradual
Precipitating Infections Infection
Factors
Manifestations Ketosis : altered Central nervous system Kussmaul’s respirations functions w/ neurologic symptoms. Fruity breath, nausea, ABD pain Dehydration or electrolyte loss: Dehydration or electrolytes loss: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, dry skin Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, dry skin Sunken eyes, soft eyeballs, lethargy, coma sunken eyes, soft eyeballs, lethargy, coma
Laboratory findings
Serum Glucose > 300 mg/dl
Osmolality variable
Serum Ketones positive at 1:2 dilution
Serum PH < 7.35
Serum hco3 < 15 mEq/l
Serum Na low, normal, or high
Serum K normal: elevated with acidosis, Low following dehydration
BUN >20 mg/dl elevated because of dehydration
Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl; elevated because of dehydration
Urine Ketones Positive
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Patho:
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus that develops When a severe insulin deficiency occurs:
b. The clinical manifestation’s include hyperglycemia, dehydration, ketosis, and acidosis.
3. Interventions:
a. Restore circulating blood volume and protect against cerebral, coronary and renal hypo-perfusion.
b. Treat dehydration with rapid IV infusions of 0.9% and 0.45% normal saline (NS) as prescribed, dextrose is added
Too IV fluids (D5NS, or 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline) when the blood glucose level reaches 250-300 mg/dl.
c. Treat hyperglycemia with regular insulin administered intravenously as prescribed.
d. Correct electrolyte imbalances (K+ level may be elevated as a result of dehydration and acidosis),
e. Monitor K+ level closely because when the client receives treatment for the dehydration and acidosis, the
Serum K+ will decrease and K+ level will decrease and K+ replacement may be required.
4.
Onset Sudden Gradual
Precipitating Infections Infection
Factors
Manifestations Ketosis : altered Central nervous system Kussmaul’s respirations functions w/ neurologic symptoms. Fruity breath, nausea, ABD pain Dehydration or electrolyte loss: Dehydration or electrolytes loss: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, dry skin Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, dry skin Sunken eyes, soft eyeballs, lethargy, coma sunken eyes, soft eyeballs, lethargy, coma
Laboratory findings
Serum Glucose > 300 mg/dl
Osmolality variable
Serum Ketones positive at 1:2 dilution
Serum PH < 7.35
Serum hco3 < 15 mEq/l
Serum Na low, normal, or high
Serum K normal: elevated with acidosis, Low following dehydration
BUN >20 mg/dl elevated because of dehydration
Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl; elevated because of dehydration
Urine Ketones Positive
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Patho:
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus that develops When a severe insulin deficiency occurs:
b. The clinical manifestation’s include hyperglycemia, dehydration, ketosis, and acidosis.
3. Interventions:
a. Restore circulating blood volume and protect against cerebral, coronary and renal hypo-perfusion.
b. Treat dehydration with rapid IV infusions of 0.9% and 0.45% normal saline (NS) as prescribed, dextrose is added
Too IV fluids (D5NS, or 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline) when the blood glucose level reaches 250-300 mg/dl.
c. Treat hyperglycemia with regular insulin administered intravenously as prescribed.
d. Correct electrolyte imbalances (K+ level may be elevated as a result of dehydration and acidosis),
e. Monitor K+ level closely because when the client receives treatment for the dehydration and acidosis, the
Serum K+ will decrease and K+ level will decrease and K+ replacement may be required.
4.