Diversity Study Notes
Unit One: Diversity – Study Notes
Classification
Classification
Taxonomy
* Seven taxa (King Philip Came On Family’s Gold Spaceship): 1. Kingdom (animalia) 2. Phylum (chordate) 3. Class (mammalia) 4. Order (primates) 5. Family (hominidae) 6. Genus (homo) 7. Species (sapiens) * Three domains: 8. Domain Bacteria 9. Domain Archaea 10. Domain Eukarya * Six Kingdoms: 11. Kingdom Animalia (animals) 12. Kingdom Plantae (plants 13. Kingdom Fungi (fungi) 14. Kingdom Prototista (protists) 15. Kingdom Archaea (archaebacteria) 16. Kingdom Bacteria * Modern classification no longer relies on morphology (physical differences) as much as Linneaus; instead, we focus on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny) * 5
Binomial Nomenclature * Bi – two; nomial – name; nomenclature – method of naming * Always italicized (typed) or underlined (written), with first word capitalized * The first word represents the genus while the second represents the species * E.g. Canis familaris (common dog) * Often of Latin or Greek origin * Reduces confusion regarding species across language and region barriers * First proposed by Swedish naturalist, Linneaus * Biological definition of species: group of organisms with comparable features which can mate to produce fertile offspring
Characteristics of Living Things 1. Metabolism: refers to all of the chemical reactions occurring within an organism 2. Movement 3. Growth: may be limited, but is ultimately evident in different ways 4. Reproduction: the passing on of hereditary molecules to offspring 5. Response to the environment: vital for the survival of the organism 6. Cellular structure
Cladograms and Primitive/Derived Traits * Classification is important because: * We can identify unknown organisms using dichotomous keys *
Classification
Classification
Taxonomy
* Seven taxa (King Philip Came On Family’s Gold Spaceship): 1. Kingdom (animalia) 2. Phylum (chordate) 3. Class (mammalia) 4. Order (primates) 5. Family (hominidae) 6. Genus (homo) 7. Species (sapiens) * Three domains: 8. Domain Bacteria 9. Domain Archaea 10. Domain Eukarya * Six Kingdoms: 11. Kingdom Animalia (animals) 12. Kingdom Plantae (plants 13. Kingdom Fungi (fungi) 14. Kingdom Prototista (protists) 15. Kingdom Archaea (archaebacteria) 16. Kingdom Bacteria * Modern classification no longer relies on morphology (physical differences) as much as Linneaus; instead, we focus on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny) * 5
Binomial Nomenclature * Bi – two; nomial – name; nomenclature – method of naming * Always italicized (typed) or underlined (written), with first word capitalized * The first word represents the genus while the second represents the species * E.g. Canis familaris (common dog) * Often of Latin or Greek origin * Reduces confusion regarding species across language and region barriers * First proposed by Swedish naturalist, Linneaus * Biological definition of species: group of organisms with comparable features which can mate to produce fertile offspring
Characteristics of Living Things 1. Metabolism: refers to all of the chemical reactions occurring within an organism 2. Movement 3. Growth: may be limited, but is ultimately evident in different ways 4. Reproduction: the passing on of hereditary molecules to offspring 5. Response to the environment: vital for the survival of the organism 6. Cellular structure
Cladograms and Primitive/Derived Traits * Classification is important because: * We can identify unknown organisms using dichotomous keys *