Distal Shoe and Its Performance
Clinical Section
The distal shoe space maintainer: chairside fabrication and clinical performance
Warren A. Brill, DMD, MS(HYG)
Dr. Brill is in private practice and a clinical associate professor of pediatric dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. Correspond with Dr. Brill at wbrill@erols.com
Abstract
The chairside-fabricated distal shoe appliance, with a stainless steel crown as the retainer, is an efficacious and cost-effective appliance for guiding the unerupted permanent first molar into position after premature loss or extraction of the second primary molar. The fabrication technique is illustrated in this case report and data is presented on the success rate of the appliance. (Pediatr Dent. 2002;24:561-565) KEYWORDS: DISTAL SHOE, SPACE MAINTAINER, SPACE MANAGEMENT
Received February 26, 2002 Revision Accepted September 5, 2002
clinical section
T
he distal shoe space maintainer, as introduced by Gerber1 and extended by Croll,2,3 is a valuable part of the pediatric dentist’s armamentarium, because in those cases where the second primary molar is lost prematurely, it helps guide the first permanent molar into place. In 1973, Hicks outlined in detail the indications and contraindications for the distal shoe appliance, as well as the diagnostic and systemic considerations.4 The indications and contraindications as outlined by Hicks are listed in Table 1. Hicks preferred fabrication of a cast gold appliance, although appliances with attachments soldered to stainless steel crowns or bands were clinically acceptable.4 Twenty years later, Gegenhiemer and Donly described the fabrication of a laboratory-processed distal shoe appliance soldered to a stainless steel crown that required 2 visits by the patient.5 The first was for preparation of the tooth serving as a retainer for the crown and transfer impression for appliance fabrication. Another crown was temporarily cemented and, when the appliance was fabricated and
The distal shoe space maintainer: chairside fabrication and clinical performance
Warren A. Brill, DMD, MS(HYG)
Dr. Brill is in private practice and a clinical associate professor of pediatric dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. Correspond with Dr. Brill at wbrill@erols.com
Abstract
The chairside-fabricated distal shoe appliance, with a stainless steel crown as the retainer, is an efficacious and cost-effective appliance for guiding the unerupted permanent first molar into position after premature loss or extraction of the second primary molar. The fabrication technique is illustrated in this case report and data is presented on the success rate of the appliance. (Pediatr Dent. 2002;24:561-565) KEYWORDS: DISTAL SHOE, SPACE MAINTAINER, SPACE MANAGEMENT
Received February 26, 2002 Revision Accepted September 5, 2002
clinical section
T
he distal shoe space maintainer, as introduced by Gerber1 and extended by Croll,2,3 is a valuable part of the pediatric dentist’s armamentarium, because in those cases where the second primary molar is lost prematurely, it helps guide the first permanent molar into place. In 1973, Hicks outlined in detail the indications and contraindications for the distal shoe appliance, as well as the diagnostic and systemic considerations.4 The indications and contraindications as outlined by Hicks are listed in Table 1. Hicks preferred fabrication of a cast gold appliance, although appliances with attachments soldered to stainless steel crowns or bands were clinically acceptable.4 Twenty years later, Gegenhiemer and Donly described the fabrication of a laboratory-processed distal shoe appliance soldered to a stainless steel crown that required 2 visits by the patient.5 The first was for preparation of the tooth serving as a retainer for the crown and transfer impression for appliance fabrication. Another crown was temporarily cemented and, when the appliance was fabricated and
References: 1. Gerber WE. Facile space maintainer. JADA. 1964; 69:691-694. 2. Croll TP. An adjustable intraalveolar wire for distal extension space maintenance: a case report. J Pedod. 1980;4:347-353. 3. Croll TP, Sexton TC. Distal extension space maintenance: a new technique. Quintessence Int. 1981; 12: 1075-1080. 4. Hicks EP. Treatment planning for the distal shoe space maintainer. Dent Clin North Am. 1973;17:135-150. 5. Gegenhimer R, Donly KJ. Distal shoe: a cost-effective maintainer for primary second molars. Pediatr Dent. 1992;14:268-269. 6. Baroni D, Ranchini A, Rimondini L. Survival of different types of space maintainers. Pediatr Dent. 1994; 16:360-361. 7. Qudeimat MA, Fayle SA. The longevity of space maintainers: a retrospective study. Pediatr Dent. 1998;20:267-272. 8. Thylstrup A, Rolling I. The life table method in clinical dental research. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1975;3:5-10. 9. Curtler SJ, Ederer I. Maximum utilisation of the life table method in analyzing survival. J Chronic Dis. 1958;8:699-712. 10. Armitage P, Berry G. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987:421-427. clinical section Pediatric Dentistry – 24:6, 2002 Distal shoe space maintainer Brill 565