Discuss The Biological Theories Of Criminology

Humans are born with innate characteristics that are unique to each individual person. These biological qualities can lead individuals to commit crime or engage in criminal behavior more often than others with a different physical or physiological makeup.
Underlying Principle
1. Use scientific concepts to explain and understand criminal behavior in humans
2. Physical and physiological traits can contribute to behavior that is antisocial
3. The combination of biology and science are fundamental
Major Contributors and their Contributions:
• Biological Positivism- J.K. Lavater- relationship of common facial features and bumps on the brain in connection to criminal behaviors
• Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) “Born Criminals”- chronic or persistent
Lombroso focuses on physical characteristics of criminals and how common qualities can be seen across chronic offenders. Lombroso also theorized on being a “born criminal” where an individual is born as a criminal and unable to change from that mold. While I believe these theories are interesting and worth further exploration, I do not believe that physical traits, such as strong jaw or facial features and canine teeth can be considered a common trait across all career criminals. Putting this into context, one could compare two individuals who have completely different physical profiles and teeth structure but still both be career criminals. Biochemical theory contemplates the idea that environmental teratogens affect the biological make up of an individual. Essentially, the theory states that factors such as diet, chemicals, and even activities like smoking can affect the genetic makeup. These genetic alterations can predispose an individual to make criminal choices or perform antisocial behaviors according to the believers of this theory. Of all the theories discussed, I consider this theory to be one of the strongest because there are so many ways environmental factors could influence biology and behaviors. It is scientifically proven that smoking, alcohol, diets, and other chemicals can negatively affect the development of a child. It is logical to theorize that these alterations could go as far as to contribute to unexplainable, antisocial type actions. Going along with the strength of the biochemical theory, I also believe the neurological theory has strength and support as it uses unique brain structures and abnormalities to justify otherwise unexplainable criminal behavior. The biggest downfall of both the biochemical and neurological theories is not all individuals