Before the 1680's, indentured servitude was the primary source of labor in the newly developed colonies. There were both white and black indentured servants. White servants had even outnumbered black servants three to one. Some black indentured servants were able to complete there time of service, and even had land and servants of their own. After the 1680's, the population of white indentured servants decreased exponentially. There were a number of different reasons why the population of indentured servants had decreased. For whatever reason, indentured servitude was a form of labor that was declining, and the need for labor increased rapidly. #…
I. Frethorne, Richard. On Indentured Servitude. Edited by Howard Zinn, Anthony Arnove. New York, NY: Seven Stories Press, 2009…
Slavery was an integral part of the culture and lifestyle of Antebellum America. While mostly prominent in the south and western regions, slavery maintained a presence throughout the entire country in various forms. Through the analysis of multiple first-hand accounts of slavery in this time period, it is possible to gain an ample understanding of the antebellum slavery system, and more importantly the interactions between slaves and their masters. Slave owners were able to enforce their desires and rules through two avenues: physical and mental. Thus, it is important to understand the methods and motivations of enforcement used in these avenues.…
Now I have talked about Indentured Servitude and Slavery. I have explained what they are, how they originated, and how they are different. Your regular day life is different from their lives and how they are treated, and how they are educated for their lives and reflect their children’s…
Throughout the book, The Origins of Slavery, the author, Betty Woods, depicts how religion and race along with social, economic, and political factors were the key factors in determining the exact timing that the colonist’s labor bases of indentured Europeans would change to involuntary West African servitude. These religion and racial differences along with the economic demand for more labor played the key roles in the formation of slavery in the English colonies. When the Europeans first arrived to the Americas in the late sixteenth century, at the colony of Roanoke, the thought of chattel slavery had neither a clear law nor economic practice with the English. However by the end of that following century, the demand for slaves in the English colonies including the Chesapeake, Barbados, Pennsylvania and the Carolinas was so great and the majority of labor was carried out by West African slaves. The argument of whether Native Americans could also be used as a form of labor for the plantation societies of the English colonies is one that was long disputed between the English. Both Native Americans and West Africans were used as social mirrors. This meant that the English set both groups of people against themselves to emphasize what they conceived of as being completely different qualities of religious, social, and political organization, sexual behavior, and skin color. As Betty Woods explores the meaning of freedom and bondage in this small, yet impactful, five chapter book, she further determines the explanations English colonist used in answering the quest for cheap plantation labor.…
Throughout the South, the slave owners defined the living arrangements of slaves. Most slaves lived together in nuclear families with a mother, father, and children (Phillips 1929, 14). The stability of the slave family was often challenged due to various reasons: no state law recognized marriage among slaves, masters rather than parents had legal authority over slave children and the possibility of forced separation, through slave trade or sale were an issue of every slave family. These separations were especially frequent in the slave-exporting states of the upper South (Phillips 1929, 16). However, the most effective way of controlling slaves was the threat of sale. Slaves feared the reality of such a suggestion more than any form of punishment. They could endure the pain of whipping, but it was more difficult to suffer the grave psychological injuries that stemmed from the severance of familiar bonds (Phillips 1929, 44). Parents who were sold would worry about the welfare of children growing up without a mother and a father. Slave men and women heard terrifying stories from masters about the dangers of life in other states or in other towns where they might be sold. However, despite their severe status, families served as the slaves' most basic refuge, the part of their private lives that owners could never fully control.…
Although it did not improve the lives of slaves, the antebellum market revolution transformed the home into a separate sphere for women and increased the importance of a white woman’s role as a wife and mother within her family (Doc C). The market revolution provided payment in wages allowing people to purchase products outside of their home with money. As a result women did not have to make as many products at home. Home, previously a center of economic production was now transformed into a place of refuge after a long hard day at work. Much like the idea of republican motherhood, the cult of domesticity expressed the responsibilities of a wife and mother. It presented this concept of how the moral power and authoritative decisions made by these women shaped the lives of their families (Doc G). While white middle class women this increased domestic power, black slaves continued face hardships. Many black mothers were bought without their children and therefore forever separated. (Doc B).…
In the early 1600s, companies that were given charters by the British crown established colonies in North America. These colonies served to provide the mother country with raw materials. Previously, the only people who could afford come to America were wealthy people. With the idea of indentured servitude developed by joint-stock companies, anyone willing to work for a certain number of years could come to the New World. This system worked for numerous years, however, according to a graph of servants and slaves per probate inventory in York County, Virginia, from the years 1665 to 1695, the number of indentured servants decreased immensely while, from 1680 to 1895, the number of slaves increased. (Doc 1) The graph serves to show the progression…
How were the experiences of indentured servant and slaves in the Chesapeake and the Caribbean similar? In what ways were they different?…
In the seventeenth century indentured servants were the most common form of forced labor. However, by the eighteenth century African Slavery became the most common. This change was brought on by cost. In the seventeenth century it cost more to own an African slave than it did to have a white indentured servant. For that reason, Indentured servants were the more desirable option because they were the more economical option. But the down fall is that many indentured servants would run off, which would cause their masters to ultimately lose money. This is what lead to the shift to African slavery because Africans were easier to find if they ran off. African Slaves and there offspring could also be sold to gain their master money.…
It began more like a socialist nation where everyone worked for the good of the village and all products were shared with the whole community (Schultz 2010).…
Slavery and indentured servitude differentiated because of how they operated and the way the workers were treated. Indentured servants found work by offering their services for a number of years in exchange for a ride to the colonies. They were treated with a lot more respect than slaves because once their term of service was over, they were free to live how they wanted in the colonies. Slaves, on the other hand, were forced to work for their entire lives and were passed down from generation to generation of the colonist families. They were treated like objects, they had no citizenship and were denied basic human rights. Slavery eventually replaced indentured servitude because it was less costly and the slaves had to work for their entire lives…
An indenture was a legal contract between a servant and master enforced by the courts. Men would sign these indentures to come to the new world and work for a master for up to seven years, to pay for their journey over, and then were set free. Also, if they paid a sum of money within a certain timeframe from his or her arrival, they would be set free. Servants were shipped over by the boatload and then advertised for sale when they arrived. They were barely given enough food to survive the trip over, and many died before they even got to the new world. A buyer would sign the indenture and agree to provide all of their necessities until they were set free. The system proved to be much less desirable than first advertised though as many masters exploited their power.…
In the antebellum South, slavery provided the economic foundation that supported the dominant planter ruling class. Under slavery the structure of white supremacy was hierarchical and patriarchal, resting on male privilege and masculinist honor, entrenched economic power, and raw force. Black people necessarily developed their sense of identity, family relations, communal values, religion, and to an impressive extent their cultural autonomy by exploiting contradictions and opportunities within a complex fabric of paternalistic give-and-take. The working relationships and sometimes tacit expectations and obligations between slave and slaveholder made possible a functional, and in some cases highly profitable, economic system. Despite the exploitativeness and oppression of this system, slaves emerge in numerous antebellum slave narratives as actively, sometimes aggressively, in search of freedom, whether in the…
On 1st February 1835, the day of emancipation, there was little joyous celebration on the part of slaves. They felt they had been cheated out of emancipation because they were still forced to work for the same owner for no pay. ‘They did not see the distinction between slavery and apprenticeship’ reports d 'Arvoy, for indeed, there was none. This was due to the fact that although the Abolition Act of 1833 had conferred freedom for all slaves’ children in plantation colonies who were not six of age and those born after the passage of the Act was declared as free person, but every person who were over six of age although they became free were required to work for their former owners for a limited period as “apprentices”. The agricultural slaves were to work for 6years while domestic were to serve for 4 years. In addition the Act also provided for £20 million to be given as compensation to owners of the slaves.2…