Diabetic Macular Edema
Diabetic macular edema is a serious complication of Diabetes Milletus, with a prevalence of 6.81% worldwide, affecting 21 million people. The release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, which is thought to be the main factor in the pathogenesis, leads to disruption of blood-retinal barrier, leading to accumulation of sub- and intra- retinal fluid, in the inner and outer plexiform layer. Muller cell, pericyte and glial cell dysfunction also contribute to the development of macular edema.
Macular edema is managed by controlling blood sugar and Laser photocoagulation, Anti-VEGF, and Vitrectomy. Anti-VEGF medications include bevacizumab, known as Avastin, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular …show more content…
Patients were contacted and interviewed, through a questionnaire that included Age, Ethnicity, Marital status and pregnancies in demographics. Duration of menstrual cycle, flow of mensturation, Painful mensturation and inter-menstural bleeding were recorded pre- and post- Intra vitreous Avastin injection. Time of menarche, Post-coital bleeding and gynecological procedures/surgeries were included as well. Visual acuity, macular volume (OCT) and number of injections were recorded to evaluate the effect of Intra vitreous …show more content…
It was found to be cost-effective in treating diabetic edema. Intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab carries a risk of developing corneal abrasion, chemosis, lense injury, ocular inflammation, retinal pigment epithelial tear and acute vision loss. Intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg Bevacizumab into rabbits' eyes was reported to reach the systemic circulation (Bakri et al. 2007). Systemic adverse effects of Bevacizumab include hypertension, cerebral infarction, facial skin rashes, itchy skin and menstrual irregularity. Reported cases of having polyhypermenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and menorrhagia after intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab. In our study there were not reported changes in duration, flow, or pain during mensuration after injection of intravitreal Bevacizumab. Patients didn't report any menorrhagia or inter menstrual bleeding. We aim to further evaluate the effect of intravitreal Bevacizumab on mensturation to look for any other
Macular edema is managed by controlling blood sugar and Laser photocoagulation, Anti-VEGF, and Vitrectomy. Anti-VEGF medications include bevacizumab, known as Avastin, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular …show more content…
Patients were contacted and interviewed, through a questionnaire that included Age, Ethnicity, Marital status and pregnancies in demographics. Duration of menstrual cycle, flow of mensturation, Painful mensturation and inter-menstural bleeding were recorded pre- and post- Intra vitreous Avastin injection. Time of menarche, Post-coital bleeding and gynecological procedures/surgeries were included as well. Visual acuity, macular volume (OCT) and number of injections were recorded to evaluate the effect of Intra vitreous …show more content…
It was found to be cost-effective in treating diabetic edema. Intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab carries a risk of developing corneal abrasion, chemosis, lense injury, ocular inflammation, retinal pigment epithelial tear and acute vision loss. Intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg Bevacizumab into rabbits' eyes was reported to reach the systemic circulation (Bakri et al. 2007). Systemic adverse effects of Bevacizumab include hypertension, cerebral infarction, facial skin rashes, itchy skin and menstrual irregularity. Reported cases of having polyhypermenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and menorrhagia after intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab. In our study there were not reported changes in duration, flow, or pain during mensuration after injection of intravitreal Bevacizumab. Patients didn't report any menorrhagia or inter menstrual bleeding. We aim to further evaluate the effect of intravitreal Bevacizumab on mensturation to look for any other