Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Essay #1 1. Mr. Sanchez makes an appointment to see his doctor for pain in his abdominal area. Tests and x-rays reveal kidney stones as well as bones with a moth-eaten appearance. Further questioning reveals a medical history of abnormal reflexes and weakness. What is the problem and what treatment would be recommended?
Mr. Sanchez is suffering from hyperparathyroidism which is when the parathyroid glands secrete too much hormones. According to the medical website MedicineNet.com 85% of people with hyperparathyroidism develop a benign tumor called an adenoma which has formed on one or both of the parathyroid glands, causing it to become overactive. Excess PTH comes from enlarged parathyroid glands. This condition is called hyperplasia. The excess PTH triggers the release of too much calcium into the bloodstream. The physician may order a blood test which measures the amount of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood. This test is used to help identify hyperparathyroidism or to find the cause of abnormal calcium levels. The PTH controls calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood. If the blood calcium level is too low, the parathyroid glands release more PTH. This causes the bones to release more calcium into the blood and reduces the amount of calcium released by the kidneys into the urine. Also, vitamin D is converted to a more active form, causing the intestines to absorb more calcium and phosphorus. The bones may lose calcium, which may be the cause of osteoporosis and cause the moth eaten appearance that is shown in Mr. Sanchez’s x-ray. Too much calcium may be absorbed from food as well. If the calcium level is too high, the parathyroid glands release less PTH, and the whole process is reversed. Also, the increased levels of calcium may accumulate in the urine, causing kidney stones. The parathyroid hormone also lowers blood phosphorus levels by increasing excretion of phosphorus in the urine. PTH levels that are too high or too low can cause problems with
Mr. Sanchez is suffering from hyperparathyroidism which is when the parathyroid glands secrete too much hormones. According to the medical website MedicineNet.com 85% of people with hyperparathyroidism develop a benign tumor called an adenoma which has formed on one or both of the parathyroid glands, causing it to become overactive. Excess PTH comes from enlarged parathyroid glands. This condition is called hyperplasia. The excess PTH triggers the release of too much calcium into the bloodstream. The physician may order a blood test which measures the amount of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood. This test is used to help identify hyperparathyroidism or to find the cause of abnormal calcium levels. The PTH controls calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood. If the blood calcium level is too low, the parathyroid glands release more PTH. This causes the bones to release more calcium into the blood and reduces the amount of calcium released by the kidneys into the urine. Also, vitamin D is converted to a more active form, causing the intestines to absorb more calcium and phosphorus. The bones may lose calcium, which may be the cause of osteoporosis and cause the moth eaten appearance that is shown in Mr. Sanchez’s x-ray. Too much calcium may be absorbed from food as well. If the calcium level is too high, the parathyroid glands release less PTH, and the whole process is reversed. Also, the increased levels of calcium may accumulate in the urine, causing kidney stones. The parathyroid hormone also lowers blood phosphorus levels by increasing excretion of phosphorus in the urine. PTH levels that are too high or too low can cause problems with