By 246 BCE, the Carthaginians controlled the trade routes and maritime trade in the Mediterranean. The Rome Republic was founded in 509 BCE as a result of an overthrow of Tarquinius Superbus, King of Rome. By 246 BCE, Rome, a small city, was unable to trade in the Mediterranean, only the Tiber River, but it dominated the Italian Peninsula, and only had access to the Italian Peninsula. However, Rome was growing stronger. The Punic Wars were fought to determine who controlled the trade in the…
The Punic Wars were three conflicts between Carthage and Rome. The first conflict was from 264-241 B.C. It grew out of an altercation between Messana and Syracuse. The Messanians asked Carthage for help and Syracuse asked Rome for help. The Strait of Messana, which separated the Italian Peninsula from Sicily, was important strategically, and both Carthage and Rome responded. The Punic army (Carthaginians) arrived in Sicily and mediated peace between the two and established a military base. When the Roman army arrived, they drove off the Punic army from the military base and war ensued (Columbia…
Hannibal’s overall war strategy in Italy, or lack thereof, can be seen as a strong contributing factor to Carthage’s ultimate defeat in the Second Punic War. Livy describes, “Hannibal…without orders from the senate, crossed both the Alps and the Ebro.” Demonstrating his defiance of Carthaginian Government’s ambitions against Rome. Ultimately, Hannibal sought not to destroy Rome but to “create a balance of power with [her]” according to Fronda. This is to suggest that rather than conquer Rome, Hannibal wanted to be on the same playing field in order to deny them the opportunity to claim hegemony over the Mediterranean. The content of the Macedonian–Carthaginian Treaty further evidences Hannibal’s lack of intention to destroy Rome as, in multiple sections, it discusses how Rome will be treated and acknowledges their…
From a snapshot of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginians defeated the Romans while under the consul of Gaius Flaminius. The battle is considered one of the largest and most successful ambushes in military history. The battle consisted of around 50,000 Carthaginian soldiers versus about 30,000 Roman soldiers. The aftermath of the battle produced well over 15,000+ lost soldiers for the Roman army while Hannibal only lost approximately 2,500 of his own. Despite the overview of the battle, much more can be examined when looking at the events leading up to the brilliant ambush set by…
Between 600 BCE and 600 CE, many empires throughout the world rose to power as a result of powerful military organizations that allowed them to defend themselves and conquer new land. Forceful armies were especially important in both Rome and Greece, where their dynamic military permitted them to dominate and expand their territories, thus increasing their empire’s power and influence. Most notably in the Roman Empire, the strong martial force led the state to victory in several battles, including the Battle of Zama. The empire’s powerful military obliterated Carthage and led to Rome subsequently taking control of the area. As a result of winning such battles, Rome took control of more land and expanded its territory to take over much of Southern…
The stability of the law, the military, and financial standing of Rom kept it powerful. Rome successfully battled the Carthaginians, the Celtics(British), the Etruscans, and the…
The Romans were great diplomats. They were firm when necessary and smart about granting citizenship. They also let citizens participate in domestic affairs. Their military was made up of strong, persistent soldiers. If a substantial amount of men were lost in battle they wouldn’t just surrender, but instead recruit new soldiers. They would build up new armies so that they could keep fighting. The Romans were also good strategists. By the year 264 BCE Rome had established colonies in strategic spots throughout Italy. By connecting these settlements with roads, they built a military and communication network that helped them rule more effectively. By getting military help from allies, they mobilized Italy’s military…
To begin with, military weakness was a big factor in the fall of Rome. According to Document B, “...armor began to seem heavy since the soldiers rarely ever wore it.” This shows that the soldiers were very lethargic and couldn’t protect the empire effectively. They stopped doing their ground drills and never wore the breastplates. When war came to Rome they weren’t prepared to wear the armor, so instead they fought with…
Rome and Greece had many influential impacts on the Meditation Sea, such as, impacts on society, and many other things such as trade. In Roman Society the people were divided into groups known plebeians and Patricians. .Rome used the Mediterranean Sea to trade goods to other countries. Another reason was the fact that the Mediterranean Sea was one of the main trade links used between all the different continents and regions surrounding the Roman Empire. People of the Roman Empire used it because it was a lot faster to transport good and a lot safer than land transportation. Overall, both empires have turned out to be complex and influential empires ,however Rome had a much more massive empire and much more cultural and educational impact.…
Although the empire had an advanced military for the most part, the Roman military had difficulty fending off the multiple invaders that were attacking at different areas of the empire. For example, Rome had to keep their military focused in Italy to fight in civil wars, leaving the border of Rome unprotected and easy to target for outside kingdoms and civilizations (“Ten Theories On The Fall Of Rome”). The barbarian invasions also had an affect on how much money and…
Yes, indeed throughout history, Rome ultimately exhibited a readiness to adapt its military tactics and strategy to successfully confront particular challenges. The Roman military was a highly organized institution. There was a straightforward system of rank, and a number of different splitting up of the basic unit. The entire basis of Roman infantry tactics was the idea that by keeping troops in arranges, one could fight more successfully. Most military commanders of the day simply had their troops rush passionately at the enemy, relying on better numbers, better soldiers, or luck to hold the day. The Romans realized that they could not always rely on these, so they turned to strategy. Each situation was wrapped up differently, taking into account land, the type and strength of the opponent's troops, and the type and strength of the Roman's troops. The Romans also thought that the best tactic would be the one that had the most effect without exposing the troops to unnecessary risk. One of them was to cut off their opponent from his resources. Armies run on their stomachs and equipment, and both require regular supplies. Without a stable supply of food and water, an army will starve or dehydrate killing or uncomforting the troops and they would fall apart. The Roman Soldiers would attack the resources themselves. When they conquered territory, they took as much as they could. This not only gave them more food, it prevented it from falling into their opponent's hands and they would also try to cut off the transportation so the amount of supplies that could reach the enemy was severely reduced. One of the most famous tactics that the Romans used was called “siege”. Siege was a military operation in which troops surround a place and cut off all outside access to force surrender. The Romans would typically build a wall around the existing city to help control the enemy. This wall would be built to prevent the enemy from escaping. The ongoing siege would eventually…
The war was fought in water thus it involved the navy (Polybius. 264 BC). The war was mainly caused by a local conflict between Hiero II Syracuse and the Maritimes who were from Messina. The Carthaginian navy were later betrayed by the Maritimes after the Maritimes asked for military aid from the Romans thus turning against the Carthage. The Carthaginians were therefore compelled to support Syracuse after the Romans sent a garrison to secure Messina. Tension was consequently high between the two parties since both countries wanted to control of Sicily, “This seemed their only hope of safety left: and they imagined that such a step must win them favour at Rome…” (Bagnall, 43). The Roman Navy had been defeated before by their counterparts the Carthaginians during the battle of the Island of Lipari. This move forced Rome to look for ways of avoiding another defeat hence expanding its navy. Within a very short time, Romans had built up its army thus it hard also increased its warships five times more. This was because they knew very fighting the Carthaginians required a very distinctive tactic since the Carthaginians were the super powers. The Romans also changed their fighting tactics which the Carthaginians could not match thus emerging as the victors in the war hence taking control of Sicily, “Those who thus surrender themselves to the Roman authority, surrender all…
The Roman Army were always well equipped for battles. They had a short sword, and a spear. These weapons helped Roman Army to succeed because all the soldiers were trained well to use them.…
Themistocles’s naval policy was the foundation for future superiority for the Athenians, for these reasons the Athenians depended on the sea to be a trading power. As Herodotus stats: “Athens’ future lay on the sea as a trading power”. As a result, this lead Themistocles to plan the improvement of the harbours in Athens for the trireme building programs, which will enable the Greeks to have a larger Navy consisting of triremes. During 493BC Themistocles decided to fortify the Piraeus peninsula with a strong wall, this was to secure and overlook the 3 harbours from this location. “In 483-482BC Themistocles persuaded the Athenian to pay for the building of a fleet, using the silver from the mines at Laurium”. This meant that the income generated was put directly on the constructions and development of triremes for the…
The military might of Rome was second to none in its prime. Victorious battle after battle did nothing but increase Rome's population of young men suited for combat, increase Rome's borders, and increase Rome's influence over its people and the surrounding people. With such great generals as Alexander the Great, Pompey the Great, and Julius Caesar Rome won many decisive battles. At its largest times, Rome controlled most of the Middle East, Asia Minor, present day Europe, and Egypt. It's is hard to state that conquering and controlling all of the surrounding territory didn't help aid in Rome's great success. But would they have been so successful militarily if they didn't have the trade routes or the technology?…