Description Of Fracking
a. Description of fracking
Fracking is often also called hydro fracking, hydraulic fracturing, shale oil or shale gas. This technology can be defined as the process of extraction of oil and gas by providing a of sand, water, and chemicals injected at high pressures vertically and horizontally to the bottom layer of rock in which oil and gas are trapped. Hillard Huntington et al.2013
Fracking was developed to get the remnants of oil contained in production wells, especially in old oil wells. This process is effective to increase the number of production wells. Fracking is highly controversial in many countries such as, USA, German, and UK. Some people say that fracking can advocate the economic benefits of more broadly accessible hydrocarbons. …show more content…
Water and Additives
a. Water contamination in fracking (Groundwater)
According to the International Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: The wastewater from fracking contain chemicals that are potentially toxic and natural contaminants from underground, such as barium, strontium, benzene, toluene and radioactive materials (NORM) such as Radium (Colborn, Theo et al, 2011).
An EPA study in 2004 concluded fracking does not pose a risk to drinking water, but the study was later criticized Because the suspect intervention of industrial oil / gas. In 2009 ProPublica investigation found that water contamination is much higher than that in the Report the EPA, it is based on 1,000 cases related to the drilling and fracking that has been documented by courts and local government. Lustgarten,A, 2008.
In August 2015 a coalition of environmental groups joined together and filed intent to sue the EPA to force them to regulate the disposal of wastewater from oil and gas drilling. Mckenne, P, …show more content…
The function of proppants to allow fluids and gas to flow more freely to the bore. Type of proppants are: Sand, sintered bauxite, zirconium oxide, ceramic beads. In addition to Proppants, other additives include: biocides to kill bacteria and other organisms, Buffers to adjust a pH of the fluid to optimize other additives, Iron control to stop carbonate and sulfate compounds plugs. Harper, J. 2008. The make-up of fracturing fluid varies from one geologic basin or formation to another. A list of potential additives is given in table below. Arthur, J.D., B. Bohm, and M. Layne.
Fracking is often also called hydro fracking, hydraulic fracturing, shale oil or shale gas. This technology can be defined as the process of extraction of oil and gas by providing a of sand, water, and chemicals injected at high pressures vertically and horizontally to the bottom layer of rock in which oil and gas are trapped. Hillard Huntington et al.2013
Fracking was developed to get the remnants of oil contained in production wells, especially in old oil wells. This process is effective to increase the number of production wells. Fracking is highly controversial in many countries such as, USA, German, and UK. Some people say that fracking can advocate the economic benefits of more broadly accessible hydrocarbons. …show more content…
Water and Additives
a. Water contamination in fracking (Groundwater)
According to the International Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: The wastewater from fracking contain chemicals that are potentially toxic and natural contaminants from underground, such as barium, strontium, benzene, toluene and radioactive materials (NORM) such as Radium (Colborn, Theo et al, 2011).
An EPA study in 2004 concluded fracking does not pose a risk to drinking water, but the study was later criticized Because the suspect intervention of industrial oil / gas. In 2009 ProPublica investigation found that water contamination is much higher than that in the Report the EPA, it is based on 1,000 cases related to the drilling and fracking that has been documented by courts and local government. Lustgarten,A, 2008.
In August 2015 a coalition of environmental groups joined together and filed intent to sue the EPA to force them to regulate the disposal of wastewater from oil and gas drilling. Mckenne, P, …show more content…
The function of proppants to allow fluids and gas to flow more freely to the bore. Type of proppants are: Sand, sintered bauxite, zirconium oxide, ceramic beads. In addition to Proppants, other additives include: biocides to kill bacteria and other organisms, Buffers to adjust a pH of the fluid to optimize other additives, Iron control to stop carbonate and sulfate compounds plugs. Harper, J. 2008. The make-up of fracturing fluid varies from one geologic basin or formation to another. A list of potential additives is given in table below. Arthur, J.D., B. Bohm, and M. Layne.