Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides (NCAP) (Winter 1992). Malathion Insecticide Factsheet. Journal of Pesticide Reform 12(4). Retrieved May 4, 2008, from http://www.pesticide.org/malathion.pdf…
Wright, D. A., & Welbourn, P. (2002). Environmental Toxicology (Rev Ed.). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.…
1. Carlson classifies modern insecticides into two groups of chemicals. The first group, represented by DDT, is known as the “chlorinated hydrocarbons” and the other group, represented by Malathion and parathion, consists of the organic phosphorus insecticides. Although both are organic, the organic phosphorous insecticides are more poisonous than the chlorinated hydrocarbons and have the ability to destroy enzymes.…
Diels-Alder Synthesis of Exo-Norbornene-cis-5,6-Dicarboxylic Anhydride for Organic Chemistry Laboratory Instruction Kyle Myers and Dr. James Roark University of Nebraska at Kearney, Department of Chemistry, Kearney, NE 68849…
My favourite constellation is the Pyxis. The Pyxis constellation is my favourite because of it's meaning. Pyxis is Latin for "the Mariner's Compass." My family has been in the Navy for years, and compasses are very close to my heart. They helped my family come home.…
Methylparaben is commonly used as a fungicide in Drosophila food media. Usage of methylparaben is toxic at higher concentrations, has an estrogenic effect and slow Drosophila growth rate in the larval and pupal stages at a lower concentrations.…
In Ch 4 of Silent Spring, Carson brings about the fact that the most essential natural resource in the world, water, is being contaminated. With every spray and use of the pesticides and human-made chemicals, persistent as they are, the resulting effects spread throughout ecosystems. Bioaccumulation occurs through the levels of the food chain(biological magnification), microorganisms and fish are exposed to the chemicals that render the water polluted, fish are eaten by birds and other aquatic life and become sick as they are further exposed to the toxicants. Seeping through the ground, the synthetic chemicals escaped detection through the methods used then. They often mixed together to form more toxic and poisons affecting life around and…
Pesticides have now been proven to pose potential risks to living beings. “Certain environmental chemicals, including pesticides termed as endocrine disruptors, are known to elicit their adverse effects by mimicking or antagonising natural hormones in the body and it has been postulated that their long-term, low-dose exposure is increasingly linked to human health effects such as immune suppression, hormone disruption, diminished intelligence, reproductive abnormalities and cancer (Brouwer et al., 1999; Crisp et al., 1998; Hurley et al., 1998)”( Md.Wasim Aktar, Dwaipayan Sengupta, and ashim Chowdhury). Having pesticides around us in agricultural fields, parks, schools, homes and practically everywhere is a really concerning topic. I think that the facts that the use of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides amongst other pesticides have been proven to be lethal through ingestion and simple exposure is enough to make people aware for a change. In recent times it has shown its effects here on the planet and have a factor to the contribution of the potential extinction of bees. Some factors that can be causing this Colony Collapse Disorder are pathogens such as Nosema which is a pathogenic gut fungi, Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus and many unknown. Parasites are also a possibility of the Colony Collapse Disorder as well as…
Triclosan is an artificial chemical with antimicrobial properties that eradicate or hinder the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. This chemical was first made known n 1972 when it was used in hospitals for surgical scrubs. The overall population is subjected to Triclosan because it is widely used in many products that people use on a daily basis. For example Triclosan is found in “soaps, cosmetics, therapeutics and plastics” (http://www.pnas.org/content/111/48/17200.full). In addition, people are also subjected to Triclosan by waterborne contamination. Products that are used containing Triclosan, such as soap or detergents are washed down the drain affecting water life. Triclosan has also been connected to many health issues…
For decades, the metaphorical story of the “Birds and the Bees” has been told to children in order to explain sexual intercourse. Since honey bees are an important part of the fertilization process among plants, also known as pollination, this story is a good way of speaking openly about the subject without using technical terms. When a honey bee lands on a flower, their feet slip into little grooves that hold pollen sacks which they carry with them until they land upon another flower. Once landing on another flower, the pollen falls out of the sac enabling the plants to fertilize and sexually reproduce. For this reason, agriculturalists welcome the presence of honey bees among their crops. National Geographic reported “an estimated 14 billion U.S. dollars in agricultural crops in the United States are dependent on bee pollination.” But within the past several years beekeepers have found a high population of weakened and dying honey bees. The last report of a similar issue occurring amongst the honey bees, was due to a parasitic bug called the varroa mite, but this time researchers have not found any such mite or pest and are beginning to suspect that the use of pesticides are the cause of this bee epidemic. The following research here will show how chemical pesticides are harmful to the environment, animals, and humans…
Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and many other environmental chemicals that we are exposed to daily have the ability to act like naturally produced hormones within our bodies. They damage the glands while altering the function and activities of the hormones of our endocrine system. Collectively, these environmental chemicals and toxins are known as ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS. They block, mimic, and / or disrupt the normal function of the endocrine system. These endocrine disruptors have been found in the foods and beverages that we consume as well as being found extensively throughout the environment that we live, work, and play in. Many of these toxic compounds have also been identified as carcinogens which is substantiated by the increased…
The difference in soil pH weighs a heavy measure on the appearance of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in different areas of soil. A highly acidic or highly alkaline soil may be the underlying reason for the absence of this earthworm in certain areas where pH plays a large role. In this experiment, soil pH was altered with Miracida soil acidifier and Agricultural Limestonea soil correctional for acidic soil. This was done to test the effects pH would have on the living conditions of Lumbricus terrestris over a twenty-one day period. The experiment shows the fluctuation of numbers on a daily and weekly basis verifying the theory that the earthworm prefers a soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. In summary, this paper provides a three week synopsis of a closed experiment showing the preference of soil pH for the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris.…
Chemical pesticides and herbicides are an example of dangerous synthetic chemicals used around the world. Chemical pesticides are synthetic chemicals used to kill and prevent pests from impeding agriculture. For example, toxaphene is a synthetic organic insecticide made by the chlorination of camphene, a toxic fuel known for almost being insoluble in water (http://www.epa.gov). Toxaphene contains over 670 chemicals and does not occur naturally (http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca). Improper irrigation or bad weather can cause pesticide run-off. Run-off from pesticides can ruin river ecosystems, damage groundwater and contaminate soil leaving fertile land dry, unusable, and acidic. The production of chemical pesticides also releases greenhouse gases such as CO2 and SO2. Overall, chemical pesticides and herbicides are unnatural pest control devices and they destroy the environment.…
Microorganisms are beneficial for microbial biodegradation or bioremediation of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes and subsurface pollution in soils, sediments and marine environments. The ability of each microorganism to degrade toxic waste depends on the nature of each contaminant. Since most sites are typically comprised of multiple pollutant types, the most effective approach to microbial biodegradation is to use a mixture of bacterial species and strains, each specific to the biodegradation of one or more types of contaminants.…
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICALS AND PETROCHEMICALS 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited. Bengal Immunity Limited. Hindustan Antibiotics Limited. Hindustan Fluro Carbons Limited. Hindustan Insecticides Limited. Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited. Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited. Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited. Karnataka Antibiotics and Pharmaceuticals Limited. Maharashtra Antibiotics and Pharmaceuticals Limited. Manipur State Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited. Orissa Drugs and Chemicals Limited. Rajasthan Drugs and Pharmaecuticals Limited. Smith Stanistreet Pharmaceuticals Limited. The Southern Pesticides Corporation Limited. U.P. Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Company Limited.…