Dakota Access Pipeline

Political Science and Public Administration are scientific studies that pull from a variety of different fields. Majors of study at institutions of higher education like Accounting, Agriculture, Anthropology, Communications, Economics, Education, History, Marketing, Medicine, Psychology, and Sociology all are encompassed within Political Science and Public Administration. Within Political Science policy is set, budgets are made, and laws are carefully thought out with consideration from all the aforementioned studies within the spectrum of post-secondary education. To some individuals in society, the theoretical studies invested into Political Science and Public Administration are extremely vague because the common misconception is that once
to launch an intensive construction plan to create this direct access pipeline. As stated previously, the United States is trying to invest in their domestic crude oil production to cut the cost of importing crude oil from the middle east and other areas. Theoretically, the managerial approach to public administration contends that public administration is a “field of business” as quoted by the presumed Father of Public Administration, Woodrow Wilson. Under this theoretical approach to public administration, it depersonalizes citizens and focuses on the economic benefits of subordinates. In relation to the managerial approach to public administration, rational choice theory must also be considered. Rational-Choice theory is a neo-economic concept that proclaims that individuals will operate in their own self-interest to achieve maximum utility. Theorist Adam Smith suggests that people will act in pursuit of their own self-interests and that they would do so regarding ensure the greatest benefit for all of society. There is a double entendre that the late hip-hop mogul Big Pun made that states, “Cause if it doesn’t make dollars, then it doesn’t make sense.” This lyric embodies much of what the managerial approach to public
Frank Goodnow, who is acclaimed as one of the leading contributors to the development of public administration, wrote a book in which he disclosed the legal role of government and what to do when the government infringes upon an individual’s rights. Correspondingly, the idea of institutional theory and institutionalism is associated with the legal approach to public administration. Institutional theory as interpreted by theorists March and Olsen suggest that institutionalism promotes the ideals, beliefs, and intentions of an organization based on their performance and behavior. The institution that is our federal government is responsible for the legislative process that includes the composition of laws, approval of laws, implementation of laws and evaluation of laws to determine if newly created policies are successfully providing a positive or negative freedom to citizens. Keeping in mind that our government by law is meant to serve and protect its citizens with both positive and negative freedoms, this theoretical approach would side with the Standing Rock Sioux tribe. The first amendment in the bill of rights lists citizen’s positive freedoms that include freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom to assemble and freedom of speech. With these rights, peaceful