Preview

Cyborg

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
6658 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Cyborg
Do
Cyborgs
Have
Bodies?

Between Cybernetics And Embodiment

------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS

I. Introduction: Cyborg-Being---------------------2 II. Cybernetics: A History----------------------------8 III. Embodied Subjects and Spatiality--------------12 IV. Between Cyborgs and Posthumanity-----------17 V. Traversing Desire----------------------------------24 VI. Conclusion: Future Bodies ----------------------29 VII. Bibliography-----------------------------------------31

Do cyborgs have bodies? Drawing on the works of Donna Haraway, Katherine Hayles and other Feminist writing on Technology, discuss the relationship between cybernetics and embodiment.
-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
I. Introduction: Cyborg-Being

A cyborg body is not innocent; it was not born in a garden; it does not seek unitary identity and so generates antagonistic dualisms without end (or until the world ends); its takes irony for granted. (Haraway, 1991:180)

The post-human subject is an amalgam, a collection of the heterogeneous components, a material-informational entity whose boundaries undergo continuous construction and reconstruction. (Hayles, 1999:3)

This essay will discuss feminist perspectives of post-human and cyborg body theory, as it relates to conceptions of affectivity, subjectivity, materiality, incorporeality, and dis/embodiment. Cybernetics theory suggests that the body is a communications network, a system of feedback mechanisms whereby information patterns can be exchanged and circulated independent of material substrates. In shifting attention from the material to the immaterial, cybernetics deems an equivalency between machine and organism whereby: ‘the sociologic of human identity [is] transformed into an



Bibliography: Braidotti, R. 2002. Metamorphoses: Towards a Materialist Theory of Becoming. Polity Press: Malden, MA. Castandi Cardenas, M. 2010. Trans Desire. Atropos Press: New York Deleuze, G Fornssler, B., 2010. Affective Cyborgs. Atropos Press: New York. Grosz, E. 1995. Space, Time, and Perversion. Routledge: London. Haraway, D., 1991. ‘A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist- Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century’, pp. 149-81in Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routelage. Hayles, K., 1999. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Stone, A.R., 1995. The War of Desire and Technology at the Close of the Mechanical Age. The MIT Press: Cambridge, MA and London, England. Sofoulis, Z., 2002. ‘Cyberquake: Haraway’s Manifesto’. In D. Tofts, A. Jonson, and A. Cavallaro eds. 2002. Prefiguring Cyberculture: An Intellectual History. The MIT Press: Cambridge, MA and London, England. pp. 84-101. Tomas, D., 1995 Weiss, D., 2000. Posthuman Pleasures: Review of N. Katherine Hayles’ How we Became Posthuman, Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory, [online] Available at: http://www.jcrt.org/archives/01.3/weiss.shtml. [Accessed 20 April 2012].

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Continuing, Carr’s use of the metaphor makes a strong statement in his argument and supports the idea that technology is making humans into machines well. To compare humans to machines appeals to the readers’ pathos because it makes the situation more directed towards the reader and their emotions. For those who use technology daily, the comparison would affect them more because they are more likely to be surrounded by technology and possible end up thinking like the machine they are using. Carr makes sure that this metaphor show how the human brain is changing and has adapt to work like a clock and that it will adapt to be like the other devices being used. Analyzing the two strategies, personal anecdote and figurative language, Carr uses…

    • 149 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Then again, it is summer all year in the Swintons’ garden, and David obviously does not see himself as just a toy. Important themes are therefore man versus machine, loneliness, and ethical responsibility towards artificial life forms. The text questions whether machines really can replace humans in all aspects. Surely, they can help us with a lot of work, but can they also substitute for social relations with other humans? And if we do succeed in creating a “toy” with human emotions, are we not then obligated to treat “it” with the same respect and care, as we would treat any other living being? A message could be that we must think carefully and thoroughly before letting ourselves get carried away by all the new technologies…

    • 1214 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    case response 7 and 8

    • 551 Words
    • 3 Pages

    experiences are then reconstituted inside us, mixing the most intimate processes of individual thought with…

    • 551 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    strokeofinsight

    • 1500 Words
    • 5 Pages

    But one December morning in 1996, Jill 's life had taken an unexpected turn. She was 37, and living in Massachusetts during the height of her career when she had suffered a major stoke. This stroke had taken her from a neuroscientist to as she describes, "an infant in a woman 's body", in a matter of hours. This changed her perception of things and she was able to see what exactly her body was made up of, her view of the world would be distorted. “My perception of physical boundaries was no longer limited to where my skin met air,” says Jill.…

    • 1500 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    In the novel The Illustrated Man, by Ray Bradbury, there are many short stories that analyze the abuse and danger of technology, as well as our fascination with it. In addition, it shows how technology influences our relationships with others. In “The Veldt”, a family’s smart house ends up making their lives easier at first, but eventually ruining their lives as the technology becomes a replacement for the people themselves. In the story, the children end up killing their parents because the home has become a parent figure to them, and their real parents threaten to take it away. In “Marionettes, Inc.”, peoples’ robotic forms of themselves begin to act for themselves and become a better version of the original person. Rather than deal with the problems in their relationships, the people in the story choose to run away by making a robotic version of themselves. Ray Bradbury uses these stories that show the risks of technology in order to spread the message that we need to be careful around…

    • 1290 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Final Draft Paper 4

    • 1559 Words
    • 4 Pages

    In today's world technology began to play a major role in people's lives in many ways. Technologies such as computers, cell phones, iPads, etc. give people an opportunity to get away from the real world. Other technologies, especially medical technologies have advanced so much that people are able to get DBS, deep brain stimulation, which is a surgery that implants a medical device, to improve their brain and to help them live a better life. But after the surgery does the person become more or less authentic? In Lauren Slater’s essay “Who Holds the Clicker?”, Slater studies the symptoms and experience of thirty-six years old Mario Della Grotta, who is diagnosed with obsessive – compulsive disorder, or OCD. He suffers from a live of looped-loop in which he repeats actions fearing incompleteness. In Sherry Turkle’s essay, “Alone Together,” Turkle explores the idea of authenticity and how in the future robots could offer humans better relationships as well as a better life. We ask how much technological control is too much control and whether these growing advancements in technology shape our ethical choices and issues. Society is vulnerable to technology; technology meets our human needs and because of that technology has complete control of us today. One can argue that after DBS surgery people become more authentic because they are new and improved. But in actuality, chemical and surgical “improvements,” especially of the brain, make people less authentic, but are justified if the improvements are medically necessary.…

    • 1559 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Blade Runner Consumerism

    • 1527 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Wiener, N. 1954, Cybernetics in History. In The human use of human beings: Cybernetics and society…

    • 1527 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Philosophers have undertaken several studies to analyse the nature human beings and this has given rise to the formulation of many speculations and theories about the nature of the mind, body and the relationship in between, if any. This is referred to the mind-body problem (P. Lloyd, 1953). Focus is therefore made on the identity theory of mind and brain basically identifying the mind with the brain ascribing the different functions of the mind to that of the neural brain processes.…

    • 552 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Turkle’s use of personal experiences and testimonies not only serve as ethical and logical appeals, but also as emotional appeals. For example, Turkle explains that a high school sophomore once confided in her that “he wishes he could talk to an artificial intelligence program instead of his dad about dating...” (138). This immediately evokes sympathy from the audience because it touches on family relationships and the vulnerability of teenagers, both of which are extremely sensitive subjects This appeal to emotion reinforces Turkle’s claim that technology is beginning to replace relationships and encourages the audience to lean towards her views. Yet another compelling appeal to emotion is Turkle’s recount of “one of her most haunting experiences”. She elaborates that she witnessed an elderly woman talk to a robotic baby seal about the loss of her child and the woman appeared to be comforted by the machine (138). She appeals to the audience’s sense of compassion for the elderly, as well as sympathy and sadness for the loss of a child. By manifesting these emotions, Turkle sets up the perfect catalyst for her claim that machines are replacing relationships between people. Likewise, Turkle elicits guilt from her audience by criticizing that “we have little motivation to say something truly self-reflective” (137) and “we flee from solitude, our ability to be…

    • 1191 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Regarded as the beginning of the “cyberpunk” movement, William Gibson’s classic novel Neuromancer, confronts the pronounced societal issues of feminism of the time. By distorting the female traits of his characters, Gibson illustrates that gender equality is only achieved when the female persona is able to transform away from both the desired and rejected feminist attributes imposed by societies fixed gender roles.…

    • 2654 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    I Robot and Descartes

    • 1483 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Asimov’s short story “Reasons” in I, Robot is the fictional account of a robots creation of his own path of reasoning. Much like Descartes, the Robot, Cutie, is curious about the truth of his existence and plans to find the answers out for himself. Cutie is a self-aware, reasoning robot on a station in space in the year 2015, and all he knows are the things in his immediate surrounding, which isn’t much. So to him everything he is told couldn’t possible be proven true in this realm of his existence. Although Descartes and Cutie have completely different worlds around them, they both contain an air of curiously that can be healthy and somewhat destructive to an every day way of life, depending on how far one takes it. I find Asimov’s character to support the first three Meditations discovered by Descartes through his actions of deciphering the world around him.…

    • 1483 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    With the rapid advancement of technology, it has deeply engaged to the modern lifestyles of humans, which refer to ‘technology is the current world’. With regard to this, there are social concerns to the effect of the power of technology in far future in affecting the behaviour of humans. Ray Bradbury discovers this principle in his short stories of ‘The Veldt’, ‘Zero Hour’, and ‘Marionettes Inc.’. The three stories are about how the creation of humans, the imagination of individuals and the conception of robots outlines the concerns of technology in the future to be raised. This three short stories perfectly described of how the invention of technology in the future has raised the social concerns towards the behaviours of the individual.…

    • 829 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Embodiment refers to how the body and its processes, such as, perception, effect the development of the human functioning. In the late 1970s and early 1980s focus was shifted from symbolic or interpretive anthropology to practice-oriented approaches. Until then, the body was both a transmitter and a receiver of cultural knowledge. However, the body has been studied as a concept (i.e. a discursive object) than as a material presence. Bourdieu’s work suggests that mediation between the person and their society is based off bodily practises that are lodged in the habitus. Habitus, represents the effects of group culture and personal history in shaping the mind and body and thus effects social action. Per Heidegger, our being is interconnected…

    • 551 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. How is reality seen by each approach? –page 2 How is health and pathology addressed by each approach?- page 2 How does each specific approach deal with therapy?-page 3 What is the role and function of the therapist in each specific approach?-page 3 Which ethical concerns could be raised about each specific approach?-page 3 In keeping with a both-and , rather than an either-or position, formulate ideas around how the first- and second order cybernetics approaches can be integrated in a useful and complementary way.-page 3 7. reference…

    • 1153 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays