Cost Volume Profit Analysis
COST – volume –profit analysis
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students should be able to:
1. Explain the nature of CVP Analysis and name and illustrate planning and Decision-making situations in which it may be used, 2. Separate semi-variable (mixed) costs into their fixed and variable components. 3. Construct profit/volume charts given selling price, costs and volume data. 4. Construct a cost/volume/profit (CVP) model representing the data in a marginal costing profit and loss account 5. Define and calculate the breakeven point using various techniques 6. Apply the CVP model in multi-product situations. 7. Calculate budgeted sales volume required for a given target net income. 8. Calculate and explain the margin of safety. 9. Identify and explain the limitations of C-V-P analysis
KEY TOPICS
The following major topics are covered in this chapter (related learning objectives are listed for each topic).
1. Break-even point in units
2. Break-even point in sales dollars
3. Multiple-product analysis
4. Graphical representation of CVP relationships
5. Changes in the CVP variables
1. BREAK-EVEN POINT IN UNITS
2. BREAK-EVEN POINT IN SALES DOLLARS
Cost-volume-profit analysis enables a firm to determine the sales (in units or dollars) necessary to attain a desired level of profit. CVP analysis is useful in assessing the effect of operating changes (such as changes in selling price or variable cost or fixed costs) upon profit.
The break-even point is the point where total revenues equal total expenses, the point where profit equals zero. This can be expressed as:
Total revenue – Total variable cost – Total fixed cost = $0 or Total revenue = Total variable cost + Total fixed cost
A. Shortcut to Calculating Break-Even Units
To determine how many units
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students should be able to:
1. Explain the nature of CVP Analysis and name and illustrate planning and Decision-making situations in which it may be used, 2. Separate semi-variable (mixed) costs into their fixed and variable components. 3. Construct profit/volume charts given selling price, costs and volume data. 4. Construct a cost/volume/profit (CVP) model representing the data in a marginal costing profit and loss account 5. Define and calculate the breakeven point using various techniques 6. Apply the CVP model in multi-product situations. 7. Calculate budgeted sales volume required for a given target net income. 8. Calculate and explain the margin of safety. 9. Identify and explain the limitations of C-V-P analysis
KEY TOPICS
The following major topics are covered in this chapter (related learning objectives are listed for each topic).
1. Break-even point in units
2. Break-even point in sales dollars
3. Multiple-product analysis
4. Graphical representation of CVP relationships
5. Changes in the CVP variables
1. BREAK-EVEN POINT IN UNITS
2. BREAK-EVEN POINT IN SALES DOLLARS
Cost-volume-profit analysis enables a firm to determine the sales (in units or dollars) necessary to attain a desired level of profit. CVP analysis is useful in assessing the effect of operating changes (such as changes in selling price or variable cost or fixed costs) upon profit.
The break-even point is the point where total revenues equal total expenses, the point where profit equals zero. This can be expressed as:
Total revenue – Total variable cost – Total fixed cost = $0 or Total revenue = Total variable cost + Total fixed cost
A. Shortcut to Calculating Break-Even Units
To determine how many units