Preview

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS ENGLISH and TORAJANESE PITCH in MORPHOLOGY AREA

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1679 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS ENGLISH and TORAJANESE PITCH in MORPHOLOGY AREA
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
ENGLISH and TORAJANESE PITCH in MORPHOLOGY AREA

A. Background of The Problem
English is a major subject in all stages in school now. There are four skills concerned about language study: writing, reading, speaking, and listening. It means to master English as a language target (L2), students need to master the four skills in English. However, student’s first language (L1) is the most challenging factor in improving the skills of L2. Student’s L1 must influence the study of L2 in some areas (Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, and Vocabulary).
The writer chose Torajanese as the L1. It is because, Torajanese is one of the tribe language of Indonesia located in South Sulawesi. Since the culture and traditions have been known not only by local, but also foreign tourists, it is very important for the people to master English as the international language. Torajanese’s dialect is very unique, especially the pitch or intonation. The speakers express their feeling and purpose of their statement, command, question,etc through the intonation. English also has its own intonation in expressing statement, command, question,etc.
The difference between Torajanese and English in intonation must have influenced the study of English for the people. In contrasting the two languages, we can predict the difficulties faced by the students, especially when they are speaking and placing the intonation correctly in English. The prediction can be used as a reliable source in the preparation of teaching materials, the planning, and the improvement of classroom techniques. That is why the writer contrasted the intonation of English and Torajanese in Morphology areas.

B. Scope
This research was directed in Microlinguistic Contrastive Analysis on Morphology areas (pitch) between English and Torajanese.

C. Objectives of The Research
1. To reveal the differences between Pitch of English and Torajanese.
2. To reveal the similarities between Pitch of English and

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Language Acquisition

    • 1999 Words
    • 8 Pages

    All students who are learning English as a second language have similar needs. They need to build their oral English skills as well as developing their skills in reading and writing English. Developing English language skills has to occur at the same time ESL students are continuing the learning process in the other content areas. It is important to note that not all English Language Learning students are familiar with the Latin alphabet. For example, students whose first language is Arabic or Chinese have a writing system that is much different than ours. This can make it harder for them to learn to speak, read and write English.…

    • 1999 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The United States is one of the most diverse countries in both linguistic and cultural aspects. Increasing rates of Asian populations have been observed in the past decades. Many Asians live in Spanish-Cantonese speaking environments and learn English as a second language. To date, there is no study on the phonological process in Cantonese-Spanish bilinguals learning English as an L2. De Houwer (1995, as cited in Law and So, 2006) and Romaine (2001, as cited in Law and So, 2006) indicated that numerous studies on bilingual development in different language combinations have found, that bilingual and monolingual language development differ qualitatively and quantitatively.…

    • 997 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    1. 2. Definition of a vowel – the type of sound, depending largely on very slight variations of tongue position, which is most easily described in terms of auditory relationships, since there is no constriction which we can feel with any precision. Characteristic features: • generally voiced • produced with unimpeded airflow • no noise component but a characteristic patterning of formants • made with egressive airstream • the air escapes over the central line of the tongue • shaped by such movable organs as the tongue, the lips and the velum A description of vowel-like sounds must include: • the part of the tongue which is raised (FRONT, CENTRAL BACK) and the degree of raising (HIGH, MID, LOW) • the kind of aperture formed by the lips (SPREAD, NEUTRAL, ROUNDED) • the position of the soft palate (ORAL, NASAL) Difficulties of description: • position of the tongue – tactile sensation is not helpful > normally no contact of the tongue with the roof of the mouth • degree of raising – how many millimeters from the palate? • vowel sounds form a continuum • relating the vowel quality to a value in a particular language > not helpful either The Cardinal Vowel Scale (Daniel Jones)…

    • 283 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the second language and foreign language (FL) classroom literature, it has been claimed that several variables related to the interface between L1 and L2/ FL, i.e. psychological aspects, contribute to language learners’ perception and production of a foreign language. A study of these variables could have important implications for the teaching of foreign languages. More recently, the role of spoken and written L2 input (e.g. Bassetti, 2008; Moyer, 2009) has been studied in greater detail, and there is an abundance of such studies. In this chapter, the relevant literature will be illustrated and critiqued, with particular attention to the works on phonological systems and writing systems across languages and the interaction between the two systems. In addition, the influence of affective factors on the productive skills of Thai learners is reviewed. The first section of the chapter is a discussion of the relevant literature on the differences between phonological and writing systems across languages and the resulting language learner output, followed by a review of the framework to be used in this study. The final section is a review of the effects of the affective factors on the learners’ language achievement and language performance as well as on language learning.…

    • 8149 Words
    • 33 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Intonation

    • 4724 Words
    • 19 Pages

    Most transcription conventions have been devised for describing one particular accent or language, and the specific conventions therefore need to be explained in the context of what is being described. However, for general purposes the International Phonetic Alphabet offers the two intonation marks shown in the box at the head of this article. Global rising and falling intonation are marked with a diagonal arrow rising…

    • 4724 Words
    • 19 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Gender Difference

    • 349 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Men with position and authority may in less need of elebating their status by learning correct, standard pronunciation…

    • 349 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Intonation is the key to foreign language learning, the correct pronunciation and intonation is the basis for successful communication, plays an important role in reading, writing and translating. So, how are the intonation situation of the English major and how to strengthen the intonation teaching? With these questions, professor Mu Fengying made a intonation record for postgraduate students, in order to have a further studying.…

    • 1549 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Methods of Phonological Analysis. The Main Trends in the Phoneme Theory It is generally acknowledged that the phoneme is one of the basic language units. However, it is described by different scholars and representatives of different linguistic schools in different ways. Before we look at the most significant theories, lets say a quick word on the history of phonological studies and mention the names of outstanding scholars who contributed to the understanding of this complicated language phenomenon. In the 1960s there appeared the so-called new phonology which was aimed at explaining how speech is actually produced and understood by the humans. Generative phonology represented by a well-known American linguist N.Chomsky viewed phonology in close connection with syntax and semantics. The ideas of generative phonology were represented in the book by Chomsky and M.Halle The Sound Pattern of English. Classical static phonological models were aimed at creating classifications of the sound system of a particular language. Dynamic models were aimed at establishing the sound pattern of an utterance on the basis of its semantic and grammar characteristics. Now lets try to group these schools into bigger categories and see what is the main criterion in the approach of linguists to the phoneme. In fact, the main criterion is three aspects of the phoneme. Some linguists exaggerate the abstract aspect of the phoneme and ignore the material aspect. Others, on the contrary, pay more attention to the material aspect and ignore the abstract one. We must admit that no theories ignore the functional aspect. I. Conceptions that pay special attention to the abstract aspect. According to mentalistic and psychological view, the phoneme is an ideal mental image, it doesnt exist objectively, it exists only in the mind of the speaker. Actual speech sounds are imperfect realization of it. These ideals were expressed by Baudauin de Courtenay and by Sommerfelt. II. Conception that can be…

    • 734 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    contrastive analysis

    • 1940 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Intonation is very important for English learner because when you talk a sentence without having a correct intonation, it may change the intended meaning of the whole sentence. This study will briefly compare Vietnamese intonation and English intonation as well as the differences between these two language intonations and to offer some implications for teaching English intonation to Vietnamese EFL learners. Obviously, English intonation is very different from that in Vietnamese in term of types of sentences, speech act and tag questions. I hope that this kind of work will be useful for the English learner to improve their knowledge. Through this, you can distinguish between English and Vietnamese intonations and can speak English fluently as native speaker. All I wish is your performance in English, the more you practice your intonation, the more you can speak it fluently.…

    • 1940 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Nowadays English is universally known as a global language for people from different countries to communicate with each other. Wierzbicka (2006) considers it as “the world’s most widely used language” (p.3). There is no doubt that learners from all over the world are studying English. But their purposes for intending to learn English could vary from each other. According to Harmer (2007), English learners could be basically divided into three types: learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP), learning English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and those who learn general English without special purposes. No matter what the purposes the students study English for, learning to pronounce correctly is still one of the most important steps to acquire a language.…

    • 1691 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    References: Alce Ruppe. 2008. The Influence of Torajanese toward English Pronunciation of the Second Year Students at SAM Kristen Rantepao, Tana Toraja. Thesis, Palopo: Cokroaminoto University.…

    • 7349 Words
    • 30 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Thompson, S. (1996) ‘Teaching Intonation in Questions’, ELT Journal, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 235-243…

    • 1716 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Metodika

    • 1840 Words
    • 8 Pages

    In learning languages a distinction is usually made between mother tongues, second languages and foreign languages. A mother tongue is the first language or language one learns or acquires as a child. When immigrants come to a new country and learn the language of that country, they are learning a second language. On the other hand, when Bosnian-speaking students in the Bosnia and Herzegovina learn English or Latin in school they are learning a foreign language. Many theories about the learning and teaching of languages have been proposed. These theories, normally influenced by development in the fields of linguistics and psychology, have inspired many approaches to the teaching of second and foreign language. The study of those theories and how they influence language teaching methodology today is called applied linguistics.…

    • 1840 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Principles: Good Writing

    • 884 Words
    • 4 Pages

    His works include many thought provoking essays, comprehension and epitomisation for overseas students. Recent trends in educational practice, a guide to correct English, and teaching English as a second language are some very important to mention. Hill’s interest in linguistics extends to all human behavior and similarities and variations between different cultures.…

    • 884 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    English Education Research

    • 22619 Words
    • 91 Pages

    1.1 The Background of the Study In learning language, one of language components that should be mastered by learners is vocabulary. The learners should master vocabulary in order to be able to communicate in the target language and help the learners to understand and use the language easily. Troike (2006: 138) states that vocabulary (or lexicon) is the most important level of L2 knowledge for all learners to develop–whether they are aiming primarily for either academic or interpersonal competence or a broader scope of communicative competence that spans two. Vocabulary is also important in the process of teaching and learning language because it supports the learner’s ability in language skills. The learners should master vocabulary well if they want to have better language skills. Huyen and Nga (2003), Zhao (2009), and Cahyono and Widiati (2011) agree that the mastery of vocabulary plays a key role in the whole process of second language learning and is of critical importance to the learners. Without a solid mastery of vocabulary, listening, reading, translation, and writing are all attics in the air. So, vocabulary is one that links four skills.…

    • 22619 Words
    • 91 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics