Concentrations of Bile Salts on Lipase Enzyme
AIM
The aim of this investigation is to explore the effect of different concentrations of bile salts on the time taken for the lipase enzyme to break down fat.
BILE
Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water, bile salts, bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order to help digestion. Bile contains chemicals that break down/emulsify fats by dispersing fat globules into small droplets, therefore increasing the surface area, in turn speeding up the reaction. When fats get to the small intestine they activate the discharge of secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ). Secretin encourages bile production, and CCK-PZ promotes the release of bile into the small intestine.
The bile salts help in the breakdown and absorption of fats, while bile pigments break down products of old red blood cells, which are passed into the gut to be eradicated with the faeces.
LIPASE
Lipase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. It is produced by the pancreas and requires a slightly alkaline environment. Some of the lipase is secreted in the saliva. The products of fat digestion are absorbed by the intestinal wall.
This water-soluble enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of ester bonds in water-insoluble, lipid substrates, is the main enzyme responsible for breaking down the fats in the human digestive system.
There's more than just the one kind of lipase in the human body: Lysosomal lipase, hepatic lipase, endothelial lipase, pancreatic lipase, gastric lipase.
People with pancreatic shortage and cystic fibrosis often need supplemental lipase and other enzymes.
Phenolphthalein C20H14O4
Phenolphthalein is a pH and is often used in titrations; it turns from colourless in acidic
The aim of this investigation is to explore the effect of different concentrations of bile salts on the time taken for the lipase enzyme to break down fat.
BILE
Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water, bile salts, bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order to help digestion. Bile contains chemicals that break down/emulsify fats by dispersing fat globules into small droplets, therefore increasing the surface area, in turn speeding up the reaction. When fats get to the small intestine they activate the discharge of secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ). Secretin encourages bile production, and CCK-PZ promotes the release of bile into the small intestine.
The bile salts help in the breakdown and absorption of fats, while bile pigments break down products of old red blood cells, which are passed into the gut to be eradicated with the faeces.
LIPASE
Lipase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. It is produced by the pancreas and requires a slightly alkaline environment. Some of the lipase is secreted in the saliva. The products of fat digestion are absorbed by the intestinal wall.
This water-soluble enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of ester bonds in water-insoluble, lipid substrates, is the main enzyme responsible for breaking down the fats in the human digestive system.
There's more than just the one kind of lipase in the human body: Lysosomal lipase, hepatic lipase, endothelial lipase, pancreatic lipase, gastric lipase.
People with pancreatic shortage and cystic fibrosis often need supplemental lipase and other enzymes.
Phenolphthalein C20H14O4
Phenolphthalein is a pH and is often used in titrations; it turns from colourless in acidic
Bibliography: Mammalian Physiology & Behaviour – OCR A2-level Biology Revision Guide for OCR – CGP www.statsdirect.com www.wikipedia.corg www.chemguide.co.uk http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/debeck_pt/science/safety.htm http://images.google.co.uk © CLEAPS 1995