Preview

Computer Organisation

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
55794 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Computer Organisation
UNIT - I BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS FUNCTIONAL UNITS
A computer consists of five functionally independent main parts. They are, ➢ Input ➢ Memory ➢ Arithmetic and logic ➢ Output ➢ Control unit Basic functional units of a computer [pic]

The operation of a computer can be summarized as follows
The computer accepts programs and the data through an input and stores them in the memory.The stored data are processed by the arithmetic and logic unit under program control.The processed data is delivered through the output unit.All above activities are directed by control unit.The information is stored either in the computer’s memory for later use or immediately used by ALU to perform the desired operations.Instructions are explicit commands that ▪ Manage the transfer of information within a computer as well as between the computer and its I/O devices. ▪ Specify the arithmetic and logic operations to be performed. To execute a program, the processor fetches the instructions one after another, and performs the desired operations. The processor accepts only the machine language program. To get the machine language program, Complier is used.
Note: Compiler is software (Translator) which converts the High Level Language program (source program) into Machine language program (object program)
1.Input unit: The computer accepts coded information through input unit. The input can be from human operators, electromechanical devices such as keyboards or from other computer over communication lines.

Examples of input devices are Keyboard, joysticks, trackballs and mouse are used as graphic input devices in conjunction with display. Microphones can be used to capture audio input which is then sampled and converted into digital code for storage and processing. Keyboard • It is a common input device. • Whenever

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    It240 Appendix F

    • 1093 Words
    • 5 Pages

    |Processor |A piece of a computer, such as the central processing unit, that preforms |…

    • 1093 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Computer Appreciation

    • 12089 Words
    • 40 Pages

    component consists of all the intangible parts of the computer, parts you cannot see or touch.…

    • 12089 Words
    • 40 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    This is an input device that changes information from one form to another .sound information exists as patterns of air pressure .the microphone changes this information into patterns of electric…

    • 1042 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Computer Class

    • 916 Words
    • 4 Pages

    4. The microprocessor is the device in the computer that performs most of the tasks we ask the computer to do. The computer is unlimited in the things it can do.…

    • 916 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    To apply the stored-program concept, central processing unit (CPUs) are designed to recognize instructions encoded as bit patterns. This collection of instructions along with the encoding system is called the machine language. An instruction expressed in this language is called a machine-level instruction or, more commonly, a machine instruction.…

    • 458 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Written Assignment

    • 592 Words
    • 3 Pages

    4. Name and describe three special-purpose input devices and one output device people commonly use in by public places, such as stores, banks, and libraries?…

    • 592 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Pc Specification

    • 954 Words
    • 4 Pages

    | Input devices help to operate and allow user to interface with the PC to complete all required and desired tasks.Webcam with built in microphone for online chat rooms, video conferences, web courses and forums.…

    • 954 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The basic components of all computer systems whether they are microcomputers or supercomputer all contain six basic building blocks: input, output, memory, arithmetic/logical unit, control unit and files. A computer system needs input devices for entering data into the computer for processing. The most common input devices are keyboards and mice. Input devices have now expanded to other methods such as voice input, magnetic ink character recognition (MICR), Optical character recognition (OCR), scanning bar code label, etc. The output devices are used to produce the results of the processing done by the computer. The most common output devices include computer screen or monitor, printer, or writing output on CD or DVD. Computer memory or main memory holds the program instructions and data. All data flows are to and from memory. Arithmetic and Logic Unit consist of incredibly small integrated circuits on a silicon chip. It is mainly responsible for arithmetic function of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division calculation, logical comparison and decision. Computer files storage devices sometimes called secondary or backing storage is used to store programs and data when they are not being used. Secondary storage is nonvolatile. File devices include hard disk drive, magnetic tape drives, flash drives, and CD or DVD. Control Unit provides the control that enables the computer to take advantage of the speed and capacity of its other components. It controls the sequence of instruction to be executed, controls the flow of data, interpret instructions, and it regulate timing of processor (Brown et al., 2012).…

    • 569 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Intel vs Amd

    • 4767 Words
    • 20 Pages

    Computers were formed because of its several parts, parts which makes it a whole. One of which is the “PROCESSOR”, which is one of the most important part of the system unit. The processor, also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), serve as the “engine” of the computer. It is the component which enables a user to identify whether the connection is fast or slow in such way that it is being operated. It also enables the system create a fast retrieval of information across the applications and programs. Apparently, selecting the kind or quality of the processor is best considered for performing certain tasks on a computer. It is also responsible for interpreting and processing every code it receives from the other computer components; making it usable for the operating system.…

    • 4767 Words
    • 20 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Computers are basically all around us now and they have become part of our daily living. Not only can it perform calculations much more quickly than a person can, it can also do many complex tasks simultaneously. Thanks to the computers, they help us make the complicated jobs much easier, help us to do tasks quicker and communicate with friends and family with one click, and play a significant role in the school system as well. The computer has significantly changed our world. Perhaps you already know how to use a computer, but how familiar are you with what’s inside of it? There isn't any single part called the "computer." A computer is a system of many parts working together. The computer is made up of two main parts, hardware and software. Hardware is the physical parts that you can touch and see. Software, on the other hand, refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do. In the following article, I am going to introduce to you the main parts of a computer. These components include input devices, output devices, a system unit, and storage devices.…

    • 452 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Manual - Turbo C Revised

    • 4321 Words
    • 18 Pages

    Compilers → reads the entire program and converts it into object code, which is a translation of the program source code into a form that can be directly executed by the computer.…

    • 4321 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    System Unit

    • 3218 Words
    • 13 Pages

    Differentiate among various styles Differentiate among various styles of system units of system units Identify chips, adapter cards, and other Identify chips, adapter cards, and other components of aamotherboard components of motherboard Describe the components of aaprocessor and how Describe the components of processor and how they complete aamachine cycle they complete machine cycle Identify characteristics of various personal Identify characteristics of various personal computer processors on the market today computer processors on the market today Define aabit and describe how aaseries of bits Define bit and describe how series of bits represents data represents data Explain how programs transfer in Explain how programs transfer in and out of memory and out of memory Differentiate among the various Differentiate among the various types of memory types of memory Describe the types of expansion slots and Describe the types of expansion slots and adapter cards adapter cards Explain the difference among aaserial port, aa Explain the difference among serial port, parallel port, aaUSB port, and other ports parallel port, USB port, and other ports Describe how buses contribute to aa Describe how buses contribute to computer’s processing speed computer’s processing speed Identify components in mobile computers Identify components in mobile computers and mobile devices and mobile devices…

    • 3218 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    COMPILER – takes all of the code and translates it into something a computer can understand.…

    • 168 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Computer Organization

    • 1360 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Programming Language - a software tool that facilitates the translation of human instructions to a form that computers can understand.…

    • 1360 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Computer Architecture

    • 483 Words
    • 2 Pages

    It is the set of instructions that bridges the gap between high level languages and the hardware.…

    • 483 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays