Preview

Composting of Efb+Pome+Boiler Ash+Additive with Assumptions

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3195 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Composting of Efb+Pome+Boiler Ash+Additive with Assumptions
QUESTION: 1. Determine physicochemical parameters for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), fresh empty fruit bunch(EFB), and palm oil boiler ash. State the reference(s). 2. Determine the mass of each components at initial raw compost mixture that consist of POME+EFB(300metric ton)+ash+additive. Stat your answer in metric ton and consider any nutrient losses. The final compost should have:
C/N<30, N=1.8%, P=0.5%, K=3.4%, Mg=0.8%

Given: a) Composting time: 45 days b) Composting system: Windrow (2m x 9m x 30m), turning every 10 days c) Physicochemical for additive is shown below: pH = 6.7
N = 3.02%
P = 13.92%
K = 7.88%
Mg = 0.45%

References
Richard, T. & Trautmann, N. (1996) Cornell Composting: Science and Engineering. http://compost.css.cornell.edu/calc/cn_ratio.html

Solution: 1. a) Physicochemical of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Component | Fresh Raw POME | POME Anaerobic Sludge | Moisture Content (%) | 98.21 | 94.03 | pH | 4.33 | 7.41 | C (%) | 36.36 | 37.51 | N (%) | 2.71 | 4.68 | C/N | 13.4 | 8.0 | Oil and Grease (mg L-1) | 2151.0 | 183.0 | COD (mg/L-1) | 113191.0 | 40563.0 | BOD (mg/L-1) | 35580.0 | 15180.0 | Volatile suspended solid (mg/L-1) | 14530.0 | 21110.0 | Total suspended solids (mg/L-1) | 18980.0 | 34720.0 | Total solid (mg/L-1) | 41022.0 | 55884.0 | Cellulose (%) | 38.36 | 10.45 | Hemicellulose (%) | 23.21 | 6.01 | Lignin (%) | 26.72 | 48.13 | P (%) | 1.01 | 1.25 | K (%) | 2.49 | 5.16 | Ca (%) | 1.56 | 2.55 | S (%) | 0.57 | 1.21 | Fe (%) | 1.03 | 1.09 | Mg (%) | 1.21 | 1.41 | Zn (mg kg-1) | 118.82 | 151.0 | Mn (mg kg-1) | 339.0 | 495.24 | Cu (mg kg-1) | 73.24 | 174.9 | B (mg kg-1) | 95.59 | 65.0 | Mo (mg kg-1) | n.d | 5.0 | Cd (mg kg-1) | 1.2 | n.d | Ni (mg kg-1) | n.d | 14.0 |
Reference: (Baharuddin et al., 2010)

Component | POME anaerobic sludge | Moisture Content (%) | 95.4 | pH | 7.4 | C (%) | 32.5 | N (%) | 3.9 | C/N | 8.3 |



References: Richard, T. &amp; Trautmann, N. (1996) Cornell Composting: Science and Engineering. http://compost.css.cornell.edu/calc/cn_ratio.html Solution: Reference: (Baharuddin et al., 2010) Component | POME anaerobic sludge | Reference: (Ahmad et al., 2011) b) Physicochemical of Fresh Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Reference: (Madhiyanon et al., 2012) Component | Value | Reference: (Ahmad et al., 2011)

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    The objective of the experiment is to determine the empirical formula of Magnesium Oxide through a procedure of heating magnesium ribbon to react with oxygen to form a magnesium oxide compound with the correct ratio of atoms within each element; 1:1.…

    • 530 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    As part of an experiment to measure decomposition rates of different materials, students put food scraps from the cafeteria to compost bin A and leaves and grass clippings in compost bin B. Students in first period measured the…

    • 1809 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    4 05 Chemical Reactions

    • 340 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Complete a data table that includes a prediction of reaction type, observations, and identification of reaction type for each reaction in the lab. (10 points)…

    • 340 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    5. Find the mass of each cup of beans (using the electronic balance) and subtract the mass of the cup. Write these numbers in the data table.…

    • 792 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Bags of Reactions Lab

    • 712 Words
    • 3 Pages

    5. When the reaction is complete, record the mass of the bag and its contents in Table 1.…

    • 712 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    To begin the lab, we first move our m_1 mass to 17ͦ and added weights so that the total mass was 100g. Next we put our m_2 mass at 67ͦ and added weights so that…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Calculate the Percent of each Substance (iron, sand, salt, benzoic acid) in the Mixture by dividing the mass of the substance by the mass of the solid mixture (from #1 above), then multiplying by 100. That is,…

    • 594 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Honey bees

    • 341 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Examine Figure 5.35. Assume the total mass of the mixture is 100g. Also assume l = 6.0 mm and l = 18.0 mm. Use this information to calculate the number of grams of material in the  phase.…

    • 341 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Convert the masses of the reactants and products to moles using their molar masses. Using the mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation, it is possible to determine how much material should react or be produced. These calculated values are then compared to the observed values.…

    • 530 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Unknown Acid Titration

    • 1249 Words
    • 5 Pages

    3. From the equation on the first page, calculate the molar mass of the acid using your average molarity.…

    • 1249 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Every year, over 34 million tons of food waste is generated, but only about 3% makes it to incinerators and compost bins (Reducing Food Waste For Businesses). Reducing waste in landfills by composting can have my benefits to humans and the environment, including healthier soil, cleaner air, and money well spent on better resources. Composting, also known as nature’s natural way of recycling, is breaking down different food waste products biologically into a useful substance that can be used in gardens to make soil more rich and healthy (Composting Benefits). There are numerous benefits of composting food waste instead of carting it away to a landfill.…

    • 835 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    First I cut a piece of Mg ribbon and used steel wool to rub off the MgO (magnesium oxide). I then used the scale to determine when I had approximately 0.0440g of Mg. I then wrapped the Mg with copper wire so that none was showing, but left a tail of copper wire.…

    • 769 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Chem Lab 3

    • 685 Words
    • 3 Pages

    **NOTE: The initial total mass I got was 6.6 g, however after the experiment was complete I had a mass of 10.6 g. I calculated the percent of mixture using the initial mass of 6.6.…

    • 685 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    AQA Revision Booklet

    • 357 Words
    • 2 Pages

    6. Complete the following table (use your own mass although you may lie if you wish!).…

    • 357 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Ash is the inorganic residue remaining after the water and organic matter have been removed by heating in the presence of oxidizing agents, which provides a measure of the total amount of minerals within a food. Analytical techniques for providing information about the total mineral content are based on the fact that the minerals (the “analyte”) can be distinguished from all the other components (the “matrix”) within a food in some measurable way. The most widely used methods are based on the fact that minerals are not destroyed by heating, and that they have a low volatility compared to other food components. The three main types of analytical procedure used to determine the ash content of foods are based on this principle: dry ashing, wet ashing and…

    • 879 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays

Related Topics