Compare And Contrast Naglirei And Graham

On the other hand, Naglirei and Graham (2003) are of the view that IQ assessment is biased in terms of individual, ethnic, and cultural differences, and this wrong assessment may result in “long-term consequences” for subjects. For instance, a student may be placed in the wrong class; a person might be over diagnosed or not diagnosed at all; and applicants may be denied a job or admission. The differences described by Naglirei and Graham (2003) include genetic effects; social and environmental factors including social, political, economic, or educational deprivation; the “interactive effect of genes and environment”; and biased tests that do not represent the minorities’ aptitude. Thus, at least different measurements and tests should be designed