Community Development

SOCIOECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF PUROK 3 LANGISAN BARANGAY 890 OLD PANADEROS ST. STA. ANA, MANILA

FOR A RELEVANT LIVELIHOOD PROGRAM

Submitted to:

Ms. Eula Dublin

Submitted by:

Angelie Faith Tinamisan

Rose Remoto

CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction:

The Unemployment (or joblessness) occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work.The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force. During periods ofrecession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.

A skill is the learned capacity to carry out pre-determined results often with the minimum outlay of time, energy, or both. In other words the abilities that one possesses. Skills can often be divided into domain-general and domain-specific skills. There are kinds of skills as follow:

a. The Life skills are problem solving behaviors used appropriately and responsibly in the management of personal affairs. They are a set of human skills acquired via teaching or direct experience that are used to handle problems and questions commonly encountered in daily human life. The subject varies greatly depending on societal norms and community expectations.

b. The Social skill is any skill facilitating interaction and communication with others. Social rules and relations are created, communicated, and changed in verbal and nonverbal ways. The process of learning such skills is called socialization. Soft skills is a sociological term relating to a person's "EQ" (Emotional Intelligence Quotient), the cluster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people. Soft skills complement hard skills (part of a person's IQ), which are the occupational requirements of a job and many other activities.

c. The Soft skills are personal attributes that enhance an individual's interactions, job performance and career prospects. Unlike hard skills, which are about a person's skill set and ability to perform a certain type of task or activity, soft skills relate to a person's ability to interact effectively with coworkers and customers and are broadly applicable both in and outside the workplace.

Communities adopted by the Social Work Department of Philippine Christian University (PCU) as Social Work Laboratory (SWL) is located at Barangay 890 and 891 in Sta. Ana Manila with about 280 and 213 families respectively. It has been established last July 2011. The communities covered the streets of Old Panaderos, New Panaderos and Lamayan Extension.

In the Langisan, you would meet different families living and working there. You would noticed how peaceful the place is. There is no brawl or fighting. All of them knew each other already because of living there for a long time. They tell stories and help one another. They know how to interact with each other and share if someone is in need. You will learn a lot from their stories about their life.

In each home, the mother is the one to take care of the household chores while the father works. You would see the determination of the fathers to work to bring money for their needs. They know how to interact with their boss and workmates. The customers are happy with their performance and attitude resulting to more deliveries. They have good camaraderie between the drivers and porters making it easier to work with each other. Because most of the mothers stay only at home, they are the ones you can easily approach when you are in the community. You will enjoy their company with their interesting and insightful stories. They know how to approach people and they are very hospitable. They tend to the household chores and take care of the children.

The purpose of this paper is centered to validate or verify the research that the SWL came up last July 2011. The research indicated that most of them are unemployed and lack of source of income. Its purpose is to identify the skills of the individuals to help themselves to sustain the basic needs and for the development of the community. The Purok 3 is the LANGISAN within the Barangay 890, Old Panaderos Sta. Ana, Manila. It composed of 25 families.

Theoretical Framework:

According to Karl Marx, unemployment is inherent within the unstable capitalist system and periodic crises of mass unemployment are to be expected. The function of the proletariat within the capitalist system is to provide a "reserve army of labour" that creates downward pressure on wages. This is accomplished by dividing the proletariat into surplus labour (employees) and under-employment (unemployed).This reserve army of labour fight among themselves for scarce jobs at lower and lower wages. At first glance, unemployment seems inefficient since unemployed workers do not increase profits. However, unemployment is profitable within the global capitalist system because unemployment lowers wages which are costs from the perspective of the owners. From this perspective low wages benefit the system by reducing economic rents. Yet, it does not benefit workers. Capitalist systems unfairly manipulate the market for labour by perpetuating unemployment which lowers laborers' demands for fair wages. Workers are pitted against one another at the service of increasing profits for owners.

According to Marx, the only way to permanently eliminate unemployment would be to abolish capitalism and the system of forced competition for wages and then shift to a socialist or communist economic system. For contemporary Marxists, the existence of persistent unemployment is proof of the inability of capitalism to ensure full employment.

The full employment is in demand-based theory, it is possible to abolish cyclical unemployment by increasing the aggregate demand for products and workers. However, eventually the economy hits an "inflation barrier" imposed by the four other kinds of unemployment to the extent that they exist.

Some demand theory economists see the inflation barrier as corresponding to the natural rate of unemployment. The "natural" rate of unemployment is defined as the rate of unemployment that exists when the labour market is in equilibrium and there is pressure for neither rising inflation rates nor falling inflation rates. An alternative technical term for this rate is the NAIRU or the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment.

No matter what its name, demand theory holds that this means that if the unemployment rate gets "too low," inflation will get worse and worse (accelerate) in the absence of wage and price controls (incomes policies).To the extent that hidden unemployment exists, it implies that official unemployment statistics provide a poor guide to what unemployment rate coincides with "full employment".

The structural Unemloyment occurs when a labour market is unable to provide jobs for everyone who wants one because there is a mismatch between the skills of the unemployed workers and the skills needed for the available jobs. Structural unemployment is hard to separate empirically from frictional unemployment, except to say that it lasts longer. As with frictional unemployment, simple demand-side stimulus will not work to easily abolish this type of unemployment.

Structural unemployment may also be encouraged to rise by persistent cyclical unemployment: if an economy suffers from long-lasting low aggregate demand, it means that many of the unemployed become disheartened, while their skills (including job-searchingskills) become "rusty" and obsolete. Problems with debt may lead to homelessness and a fall into the vicious circle of poverty. This means that they may not fit the job vacancies that are created when the economy recovers. The implication is that sustained high demand may lower structural unemployment. This theory of persistence in structural unemployment has been referred to as an example of path dependence or "hysteresis".

Structural unemployment is a result of the dynamics of the labor market, such as unskilled laborers displaced by both mechanization and automation, or industries with declining employment. Many of these displaced workers are "left behind" due to costs of training and moving (e.g., the cost of selling Of Langis once a week by one person), inefficiencies in the labor markets, being driver in truck that commonly deliver oil (langis) in pier or in the factory. It is the common job in the Langisan and they had no enough skills to employ in other work.

Statement of the Problem:

This study seeks to determine and analyze the causes of unemployment in the Langisan. The Langisan had insuffecient income to support and provide their daily needs (e.g. have ahard time getting a job because lack of education). It is important to find out the interest, skills and participation of individuals for development and sustain their basic needs.

This study would like to answer the following questions:

• What are the skills, talents and potentials that the residents of langisan Brgy. 890 Purok 3, Old Panaderos, Sta. Ana had?

• What are the reasons why most of the people in “Langisan” are unemployed?

• What are the reasons behind the low income of the people in “Langisan”?

• What are the services and trainings that the residents in the “Langisan” want to learn?

Definition of Terms:

Barangay 890 a barangay is the smallest administrative unit, and several barangays comprise a municipality. Barangays however, are still divided into puroks, sitios and sonas (zones). The Brgy. 890 is composed of alley’s and purok with 280 families. Purok is a small community which usually consists small clusters of households. The term used is refer to the Langisan. Unemployment it is occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work. Many of the research are unemployed and lack of source of income. Employment the term used when a person use her/his expertise to an endeavor and is usually hired to perform specific duties which are packaged into a job. Most of the men in the langisan is a driver and assisstant “pahenante” and some of the wife in the Langisan are self-employed.

Self Employment in this study, the term is used when an individual entirely owns the business for which he or she labours. Structuaral Unemployment it is refer when a labour market is unable to provide jobs for everyone who wants one because there is a mismatch between the skills of the unemployed workers and the skills needed for the available jobs. Change the term used is the total change of the community. It is the change throughout the process. Development this refers to the total actualization of the human potentials in harmony with the natural environment and enable gain the progress. The Brgy. Chairman of 890 Old Panaderos, Sta. Ana Manila is Manuel “Bebot” Balmoris he was the person leads the Brgy. 890. He is a person who leads the community and is often a member of the national council. He has his own set of officers who represents the whole purok.

Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms. However, for households and individuals, income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents and other forms of earnings received in a given period of time. Low income or relating to individuals or households supported by an income that is below average. Service is an act of helpful activity. Training is an organized activity aimed at imparting information and/or instructions to improve the recipient's performance or to help him or her attain a required level of knowledge or skill.
Assumptions:

This study assumes that the people in the Langisan can easily identify their own skills. They can also improve this skills if they want to.

Hypothesis:

Learning the skills, talents and potentials can lead to employment and sufficient income of the families in Langisan.

Significance of the Study:

This research study is conducted to help the family to know that their skills can aid/help them in looking for a good job. They just have to pay attention and improve it. It aims to help the community people to be aware and realize that each one of them has skills, talents and potentials that can be improve and use for it to sustain the needs of their family. For the Brgy. Officials, it aims for the reference of services and programs that they can give to their community as needed for the development. This study will help the future researchers for the basis of information about the Langisan. This will also serve as basis in conducting activities to the residents of Langisan.

Scope and Limitation of the Study:

The study focuses on the unemployment and low income. The residents and office staffs are willing to help and be cooperative. We can come inside the Langisan anytime to conduct an interview and observations. But there are also limitations encountered inside it. We cannot just roam around and go to the end part of the compound without the assistance of a worker.