Communicable diseases P1 P2

Communicable diseases include malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, infant’s diarrhoea, measles and poliomyelitis diseases are passed on to people who are not already affected by it. To collect this data we use mortality rates, morbidity rates, disease incidence, disease prevalence and disability adjusted life years. They are spreading from person to person or from animals to people. It spreads by viruses or bacteria, but can also pass through blood or other body fluid.
Disease Incidence:
The incidence of a disease is the rate at which new cases occur in a population during a specified period. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease.
Mortality Rates:
Mortality is another term for death. Mortality rates are the number of deaths due to a disease divided by the total population in the country.
Morbidity Rates:
Morbidity is another term for illness. A person can have several co-morbidities simultaneously. So, morbidities can range from Alzheimer's disease to cancer to traumatic brain injury. Morbidities are NOT deaths.
Disease Prevalence:
Prevalence is a measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total population.
Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY’s):
This is a measure of overall disease burden as the number of years lost due to ill health.

Malaria – About 3.3 billion people – half of the world's population – are at risk of malaria. In 2010, there were about 219 million malaria cases (with an uncertainty range of 154 million to 289 million). There were about 219 million cases of malaria in 2010(with an uncertainty range of 154 million to 289 million. In 2010, malaria caused an estimated 660 000 deaths (with an uncertainty range of 490 000 to 836 000), mostly among African