Cognitive Resilience in Adulthood

CFull Text * Translate Full textUndo TranslationTranslateUndo Translation
Press the Escape key to close
FromTo

Translate
Translation in progress...
[[missing key: loadingAnimation]]
The full text may take 40-60 seconds to translate; larger documents may take longer.

Cancel * Turn on search term navigationTurn on search term navigation * Jump to first hit
Headnote
ABSTRACT
A resilience framework for understanding cognitive aging implies a search for factors that buffer against existing risk, enabling one to thrive in what might otherwise be adverse circumstances. The cascade of biological processes associated with senescence and a cultural context that does not take into account this biological imperative each create risk for cognitive decline in later adulthood. We propose that (a) engagement, a sustained investment in mental stimulation, and (b) personal agency, which enables one to construct a niche for successful life span development, constitute the centerpiece of cognitive resilience. Numerous factors at the level of the individual and the sociocultural context set the stage for engagement and agency, thereby contributing to life span cognitive resilience, which can in turn impact factors promoting engagement and agency (e.g., health management, disposition affecting how experience in regulated) to support cognitive growth.
Cognitive development shows wide variation among individuals through the adult life span, and there is long-standing concern with why some age more successfully than others. Our goal in this chapter is to explore the nature of such cognitive resilience through adulthood. Historically, the concept of resilience arose in the child development literature as a framework to understand why some children who grow up under circumstances of great adversity, nevertheless, thrive (Masten & Wright, 2010). Thus, framing successful aging in terms of resilience puts the emphasis on the factors that protect against

References: Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny. Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory The American Psychologist, 52(4), 366-380. Baltes, P Basak, C, Boot, W R., Voss, M. W, & Kramer, A. E (2008). Can training in a real-time strategy video game attenuate cognitive decline in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 765-777. Batterham, P J., Mackinnon, A Bialystok, E., Craik, E 1. M., Green, D. W, & Gollan, T. H. (2009). Bilingual minds. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 10(3), 89-129. Carlson, M Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2010). Social and emotional aging. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 383-409. Col combe, S Corley J., Gow, A. J., Starr, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2010). Is body mass index in old age related to cognitive abilities? The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study. Psychology and Aging, 25(4), 867-875. Crowe, M., Andel, R., Pedersen, N Duberstein, P R., Chapman, B. P, Tindle, H. A., Sink, K. M., Bamonti, P, Robbins, J., et al. (2011). Personality and risk for Alzheimer 's disease in adults 72 years of age and older: A 6-year follow-up. Psychology and Aging, 26(2), 351-362. Elias, M Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch- Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363-406. Ertel, K Evans, G. W, & Schamberg, M. A. (2009). Childhood poverty, chronic stress, and adult working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 106(16), 6545-6549. Forstmeier, S., & Maercker, A Fratiglioni, L., Wang, H. X., Ericsson, K., Maytan, M., & Winblad, B. (2000). Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: A community-based longitudinal study. The Lancet, 355(9212), 1315-1319. Gamaldo, A Hao, Z., Wu, B., Wang, D., & Liu, M. (2011). Association between metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline: A systematic review of prospective population-based studies. ActaNeuropsychiatica, 23(2), 69-74. Hertzog, C, &Jopp, D Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. L, & Kramer, A. E (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 9(1), 59-65. Hultsch, D Infurna, EJ., Gerstorf, D., Ram, N., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G (2011). Long-term antecedents and outcomes of perceived control. Psychology and Aging, 26(3), 559-575. James, B Jopp, D., & Hertzog, C. (2007). Activities, self-referent memory beliefs, and cognitive performance: Evidence for direct and mediated relations. Psychology and Aging, 22(4), 811-825. Kemper, S., Greiner, L Krueger, K. R., Wilson, R. S., Kamenetsky J. M., Barnes, L. L., Bienias, J. L., & Bennett, D. A. (2009). Social engagement and cognitive function in old age. Experimental Aging Research, 35(1), 45-60. Lachman, M Lachman, M. E., & Agrigoroaei, S. (2010). Promoting functional health in midlife and old age: Long-term protective effects of control beliefs, social support, and physical exercise. PLoS one, 5(10): e 13297. Lachman, M Lachman, M. E., & Leff, R. (1989). Perceived control and intellectual functioning in the elderly: A 5-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 25(5), 722-728. Li, S Lovdén, M., Ghisletta, P, & Lindenberger, U. (2005). Social participation attenuates decline in perceptual speed in old and very old age. Psychology and Aging, 20(3), 423-434. Masten, A Miller, L. M. S (2009). Age differences in the effects of domain knowledge on reading efficiency Psychology and Aging, 24(1), 63-74. Morrow, D Mortimer, J. A., Snowdon, D. A., & Markesbery, W R. (2003). Head circumference, education and risk of dementia: Findings from the Nun Study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 25(5), 671-679. Nebes, R Neupert, S. D., Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2008). Neuroticism moderates the daily relation between stressors and memory failures. Psychology and Aging, 23(2), 287-296. Oitzl, M.S., Champagne, D Parisi, J. M., Stine-Morrow, E. A., Noh, S. R., & Morrow, D. G. (2009). Predispositional engagement, activity engagement, and cognition among older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 16(4), 485-504. Park, D Reis, A., & Castro-Caldas, A. (1997). Illiteracy: A cause for biased cognitive development. Journal of the international Neuropsychological Society, 3(5), 444-450. Reis, A., Petersson, K Rigoni, D., Kühn, S., Sartori, G., & Brass, M. (2011). Inducing disbelief in free will alters brain correlates of preconsci ous motor preparation: The brain minds whether we believe in free will or not. Psychological Science, 22(5), 613-618. Riley, M Rohwedder, S., & Willis, R.J. (2010). Mental retirement. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(1), 119-138. Ryan, C Salthouse, T. A. (2006). Mental exercise and mental aging. Evaluating the validity of the "use it or lose it" hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(1), 68-87. Schooler, C, Mulatu, M Soubelet, A., & Salthouse, T. A. (2010). The role of activity engagement in the relations between openness/intellect and cognition. Personality and individual Differences, 49(8), 896-901. Soubelet, A., & Salthouse, T Stawski, R. S., Almeida, D. M., Lachman, M. E., Tun, P A., & Rosnick, C. B. (2010). Fluid cognitive ability is associated with greater exposure and smaller reactions to daily stressors. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 330-342. Stern, Y (2009) Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2007). The Dumbledore hypothesis of cognitive aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 295-299. Stine-Morrow, E Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Parisi, J. M., Morrow, D. G., & Park, D. C. (2008). The effects of an engaged lifestyle on cognitive vitality: A field experiment. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 778-786. Valentijn, S Verghese, J., Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., Hall, C. B., Derby, C. A., Kuslansky G, et al. (2003). Leisure activities and risk of dementia in the elderly. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(25), 2508-2516. Werner, E West, R. L., Bagwell, D. K., &Dark-Freudeman, A. (2008). Self-efficacy and memory aging: The impact of a memory intervention based on self-efficacy Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 15(2), 302-329. Whitfield, K