Top-Rated Free Essay
Preview

Cloning

Good Essays
361 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Cloning
CLONING

Cloning in biology is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software.

Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means. It has been used for many years to produce plants.
What is a clone?
A clone is a group of cells or organisms which are genetically identical and have all been produced from the same original cell. If you know any identical twins, you know some clones. Identical twins are natural clones of each other.

1. Cloning requires an egg cell, and an adult donor cell. The (unwanted) chromosomes are removed from the egg cell and discarded. The nucleus, containing the DNA to be cloned, is removed from the donor cell. | |
2. The donor nucleus is inserted into the empty egg cell, a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Afterwards the egg contains a full (adult) set of chromosomes as if it had been fertilised normally. | |
3. A pulse of electricity, or a chemical 'shock', kick-starts the development process, and the embryo begins to grow. | |
4. Cell division begins. The subsequent development of the embryo depends upon how successfully the donor nucleus has 're-programmed' the egg. | |

Summary of arguments against Therapeutic Cloning

Human cloning is a violation of human dignity because human beings are made an object of experiment and a human embryo would be used only as a means to an end. It creates a class of humans who exist only as a means to achieve the end of others. An act violating human dignity is not rendered ethical by its purpose. Human cloning leads to the commodification and commercialization of human life. It destroys the dignity of person and is the gateway to genetic manipulation and control of human beings. Overall Human embryos should not be created for experimentation or grown for body parts.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Cloning is the creation of an organism that is the exact genetic copy of another. There are multiple ways that cloning can be achieved through biotechnology. Artificial embryo twinning is the more basic version of cloning. It mimics the natural occurrence of twins as a zygote divides into a two celled embryo but this process takes place in a Petri-dish instead of the mother’s body. The resulting embryos are then placed in a surrogate mother where they are developed. The process that ‘cloning’ generally refers to is scientifically known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this procedure the DNA of a cell of an adult animal (the donor) is extracted from body cells and then reinserted into the egg of another animal of the same species. The egg, with its nucleus removed will replicate the DNA of the donor cells and continue to act like a freshly…

    • 1631 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Human Cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing, or previously existing, human being or growing cloned tissue from that individual (Cloning Fact Sheet). Scientists remove the nucleus, which contains the genetic material, from an egg. The genetic material from an adult somatic cell is removed and placed in the egg. It now has a complete set of genes. The egg is placed in a petri dish to allow it to develop into an embryo, which is placed into a surrogate mother to continue to grow and develop into a baby (Genetic Science Learning Center). This technique is called nuclear transfer or nuclear transplantation because they transfer the nucleus from one cell to another (Kilner). Therapeutic cloning is a technique of human…

    • 1358 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cloning involves the process of nuclear transplantation. During this process, the nucleus of a fertilized organism’s egg is replaced by a nucleus of an organism’s cell. If the procedure is successful, the fertilized egg will grow into an identical copy of that organism. In human cloning, the process is more complicated due to the complex nature of human DNA.…

    • 746 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    What is cloning? Cloning, a process in which genetically identical copies of a biological entity are produced. The copy is referred to as a clone because it has the same makeup as the original thing it was cloned from. Cloning can happen naturally through asexual reproduction where a one parent cell splits itself into two identical daughter cells. In humans cloning can happen naturally when a fertilized egg splits making two embryos with almost identical genetic makeup, although they do not look genetically identical to either parent. Artificial cloning in animals, or reproductive cloning, is what is erroneous since it can damage the original or the clone permanently. There are other forms of artificial cloning such as gene cloning and therapeutic…

    • 386 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The Island Research Paper

    • 1230 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Cloning is a naturally occurring phenomenon, as well as a human induced process. A clone is a living organism deriving from another, with identical set of genes. A naturally occurring anthropological example of a clone would be twins, a set of individuals with identical DNA. A laboratory-induced clone would be stem cell production and animal cloning. In the movie The Island by Michael Bay, the concept of cloning is used as a life insurance policy to elongate the life of a natural born individual. This medical use of cloning has been under the experimental stage for quite sometime now and under ethical question. There are three different ways of cloning, recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning.…

    • 1230 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Synthesis Essay on Cloning

    • 3550 Words
    • 15 Pages

    Introduction: Cloning hit the mainstream as a scientific debate when scientists cloned a lamb named Dolly in 1996. Cloning is a process that results in an identical genetic copy of a biological product such as cells, tissues, genes or entire entities. After scientists took cloning beyond the genetic engineering of simple DNA to actual mammals, the controversy grew to new heights. Cloning happens naturally. Plants and bacteria often use asexual reproduction, which tends to produce an exact genetic copy. Twins are another example of natural cloning. Scientists use artificial cloning for use with genes, reproduction and therapy. "Gene cloning produces copies of genes or segments of DNA," according to the National Human Genome Research Institute. "Reproductive cloning produces copies of whole animals. Therapeutic cloning produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues." Many argue that cloning can be beneficial in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and science. Others claims that cloning has a direct impact that challenges or runs counter to the moral or religious values of millions of people.…

    • 3550 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Cloning is the process of producing populations of genetically identical organisms. Cloning in biotechnology is the process used to create copies of DNA fragments or molecular cloning, cells or cellular cloning, or whole organisms. The most famous clone was a sheep named Dolly whom was created in a lab in Scotland.…

    • 392 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    There are two different types of cloning, each with different goals and benefits. The first is therapeutic cloning which produces stem cells and even organs for transplantation. Instead of waiting on a donor list and hoping that an organ will arrive that would save your life, organs could be mass produced creating a perfect match that would be readily available. The second type of cloning is reproductive cloning. Reproductive cloning refers to allowing the clone to be created and live a regular life with the exact same DNA as the donor. Currently therapeutic cloning is being looked at as the first logical reason to clone. "Some types of disease and injury have no potential therapies other than those involving embryonic stem cells(cp #26, 3)." If perfected cloning could save thousands of lives and extend the life expectancy for the entire world. "The medical and scientific benefits of therapeutic cloning are so great…

    • 1273 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce…

    • 2356 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Analytical Brief Cloning

    • 707 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Cloning is the process of creating copies of DNA, cells, or organisms, in other words, it is the “creation of an organism that is an exact copy of another” (What is Cloning?). An early embryo cell is separated in a petri dish and injected into a surrogate mother. Through cloning, scientists are able to make an exact genetic copy of a living organism. The clone and the original are identical in every way. Clones are able to function and interact with other living things, just as the original is able to. After news of cloning Dolly the Sheep in 1997, cloning has been a controversial topic.…

    • 707 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the world today, there are many of concerns on what is ethical right. One of these topics that is a big concern is the cloning of animals. Many people believe animal cloning can be extremely beneficial in the world, but others believe it is morally wrong. Although people around the world may disagree, scientists have decided to take the risk and began the attempt to clone animals, causing political debate. Although cloning is a personal bias and people may not believe in it, people have taken on the challenge of attempting to clone animals to see the possibilities that could come from it.…

    • 585 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Therefore, the public should be informed about the different aspects of cloning. Cloning, the process of making an identical copy, is a very polemical topic with many benefits as well as drawbacks. Cloning is the production of genetically identical copies of biological matter. It can range from copying…

    • 1138 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Dolly was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. Cloning is the making of an exact copy of something else. Cloning can bring your long lost pet, back from the dead. Cloning is able to bring back species, get more efficient breeds, or even bring your pet back from the dead.…

    • 419 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cloning is the process of creating an identical replica of an organism. There are three types of cloning; reproductive, gene and therapeutic. Reproductive cloning can be used to create an identical copy of an organism that has died or is still alive. Reproductive cloning is when scientists remove a mature somatic cell from a donor animal and place it in an egg cell which has been emptied of its own DNA in its nucleus. The cell is allowed to grow inside a laboratory a little before it is implanted in the womb of another animal (called a surrogate mother) that will give birth to the baby. Gene cloning can be performed by taking a gene from a healthy animal, cloning it and placing it in an animal that has a disease to attempt to combat its illness. Therapeutic cloning can be used to repair…

    • 506 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Animal Cloning

    • 2149 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Studies show that, in order for animal cloning to be successful, many steps are necessary. There are three common ways of cloning animals. First one is called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)- The term somatic cell nuclear transfer refers to the transfer of the nucleus from a somatic cell to an egg cell. A somatic cell is any cell of the body other than a germ (sex) cell. An example of a somatic cell would be a blood cell, heart cell, skin cell, etc. In this process, the nucleus of a somatic cell is removed and inserted into an unfertilized egg that has had its nucleus removed. The…

    • 2149 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics