civil conflict in kenya
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
1.0 Introduction
This chapter explores the background of the study, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research questions, hypothesis, methodology and the significance of the study.
1.1 Background of the Study
The rule of law is a legal maxim whereby governmental decisions are made by applying known legal principles or the constitution while security policies are directives organized to capture and ensure that rule of law is ensured in relation to internal and external security matters of a country.1
In August 2012, a series of ethnic clashes between the Orma and Pokomo tribes of Kenya's Tana River District resulted in the deaths of at least fifty-two people. The violence was the worst of its kind in Kenya since the country's 2007–08 crises. The violence left 118 people dead and more than 13,500 displaced and another more than 30,000 people affected by the ethno-political clashes. Over 50% of the 13500 are children the rest being women and elderly.2
The major ethnic groups of the Tana River District are the Pokomo, many of whom are farmers along the Tana River, and the Orma, who are predominantly a cattle-herding nomadic people.3 The district is generally dry and prone to drought, with erratic rainfall during the March–May and October–December rainy seasons. The climate has sparked numerous clashes between farmers and nomadic peoples over access to water.4
Approximately ten days before the ethnic clash on 22 August 2012, three Pokomo people were killed by members of the Orma community. In retaliation, the Pokomo people raided Orma villages and burned more than one hundred houses.5
On 22 August 2012, in the worst violent incident in Kenya since 2007, at least fifty-two people were killed in ethnic violence in the Tana River District between the Orma and Pokomo groups.6 The violence occurred in southeast Kenya, in the Reketa area of Tarassa, near the coast and approximately 300 kilometers (190 mi) from the
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
1.0 Introduction
This chapter explores the background of the study, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research questions, hypothesis, methodology and the significance of the study.
1.1 Background of the Study
The rule of law is a legal maxim whereby governmental decisions are made by applying known legal principles or the constitution while security policies are directives organized to capture and ensure that rule of law is ensured in relation to internal and external security matters of a country.1
In August 2012, a series of ethnic clashes between the Orma and Pokomo tribes of Kenya's Tana River District resulted in the deaths of at least fifty-two people. The violence was the worst of its kind in Kenya since the country's 2007–08 crises. The violence left 118 people dead and more than 13,500 displaced and another more than 30,000 people affected by the ethno-political clashes. Over 50% of the 13500 are children the rest being women and elderly.2
The major ethnic groups of the Tana River District are the Pokomo, many of whom are farmers along the Tana River, and the Orma, who are predominantly a cattle-herding nomadic people.3 The district is generally dry and prone to drought, with erratic rainfall during the March–May and October–December rainy seasons. The climate has sparked numerous clashes between farmers and nomadic peoples over access to water.4
Approximately ten days before the ethnic clash on 22 August 2012, three Pokomo people were killed by members of the Orma community. In retaliation, the Pokomo people raided Orma villages and burned more than one hundred houses.5
On 22 August 2012, in the worst violent incident in Kenya since 2007, at least fifty-two people were killed in ethnic violence in the Tana River District between the Orma and Pokomo groups.6 The violence occurred in southeast Kenya, in the Reketa area of Tarassa, near the coast and approximately 300 kilometers (190 mi) from the