Cilt -
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To explain the basic elements of research
Research patterns Variables Relations Hypothesis Ethics in social research Privacy
To explain sampling and sampling designs
The aims of sampling Population Sample designs Sample size Errors
To explain data collection methods
Observational methods Survey research Questionnaires Qualitative research Secondary data analysis
2
RESEARCH
Research is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally applicable. Scientific methods consist of systematic observation, classification and interpretation of data.
3
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Research is a process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information to answer questions. ControlledReal life there are many factors that affect an outcome. The concept of control implies that, in exploring causality in relation to two variables (factors), you set up your study in a way that minimizes the effects of other factors affecting the relationship. This can be achieved to a large extent in the physical sciences (cookery, bakery), as most of the research is done in a laboratory. However, in the social sciences (Hospitality and Tourism) it is extremely difficult as research is carried out on issues related to human beings living in society, where such controls are not possible. Therefore in Hospitality and Tourism, as you cannot 4 control external factors, you attempt to quantify their impact.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Rigorous
you must be scrupulous in ensuring that the procedures followed to find answers to questions are relevant, appropriate and justified. Again, the degree of rigor varies markedly between the physical and social sciences and within the social sciences.
Systematic
This implies that the procedure adopted to
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To explain the basic elements of research
Research patterns Variables Relations Hypothesis Ethics in social research Privacy
To explain sampling and sampling designs
The aims of sampling Population Sample designs Sample size Errors
To explain data collection methods
Observational methods Survey research Questionnaires Qualitative research Secondary data analysis
2
RESEARCH
Research is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally applicable. Scientific methods consist of systematic observation, classification and interpretation of data.
3
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Research is a process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information to answer questions. ControlledReal life there are many factors that affect an outcome. The concept of control implies that, in exploring causality in relation to two variables (factors), you set up your study in a way that minimizes the effects of other factors affecting the relationship. This can be achieved to a large extent in the physical sciences (cookery, bakery), as most of the research is done in a laboratory. However, in the social sciences (Hospitality and Tourism) it is extremely difficult as research is carried out on issues related to human beings living in society, where such controls are not possible. Therefore in Hospitality and Tourism, as you cannot 4 control external factors, you attempt to quantify their impact.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Rigorous
you must be scrupulous in ensuring that the procedures followed to find answers to questions are relevant, appropriate and justified. Again, the degree of rigor varies markedly between the physical and social sciences and within the social sciences.
Systematic
This implies that the procedure adopted to