CHS200

Module 1-B Study Guide

Reading Instructions:

The following article is lengthy, so I will guide you as to where to focus your reading. This authors examine many studies that will be useful to you in subsequent coursework. For this class, we are looking at the Need to Belong as a fundamental human motivation that affects both the caring professional and the patient/client populations that they serve.

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995, May). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497

1. Read page 497 and 498 up to the heading ‘conceptual background’ and answer the following:

How do the authors define the Belongingness Hypothesis?
The drive to belong satisfies two criteria. What are these criteria?

2. Read page 499 beginning at “The Need to Belong: Theory” through the end of this section on page 500. Answer the following:

The authors propose that the Need to Belong is innate among humans. Describe (in 1-2 sentences) how the following factors impact belonging: evolutionary basis competition for limited resources relationships goal-directed activity

The authors propose that the Need to Belong has two main features. Describe them in 1-2 sentences each:
People need frequent personal interactions that are pleasant or positive with the same individual
People need these interactions to be stable and sustainable over time

3. For pages 501-518, you may ‘power read’ each section as follows.
A. For each Topic Heading (Forming Social Bonds, Not Breaking Bonds, Cognition, Emotion, Consequences of Deprivation, Partial Deprivation: Relatedness Without Interaction, Satiation and Substitution, Innateness, Universality and Evolutionary Perspectives) read the first paragraph and conclusion of EACH of the above headings and answer the following:
What did the authors conclude regarding the empirical findings of the following factors impacting the nature of the Need to Belong?
Forming Social Bonds:
Not Breaking Bonds:
Cognition:
Emotion:
Consequences of Deprivation:
Partial Deprivation: Relatedness Without Interaction:
Satiation, Substitution & Innateness
Innateness, Universality & Evolutionary Perspectives

4. Read the General Discussion on page 520-521. Answer the following:
Do you feel, after reading and reflecting, that the Need to Belong can be considered a fundamental motivation? Why or why not?