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Chpater 16 Protestant Reformation 1
The Protestant Reformation
AP WOR L D H I ST ORY
CHAPTER 16 NOTES
RELIGION & SCIENCE (1450-1750)

The Protestant Reformation
Started in 1517 by a

German priest named
Martin Luther
Issued a document called the 95 Theses




Nailed it to a church door in
Wittenberg, Germany
Outlined his issues with the
Catholic Church

The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther was critical

of the following abuses conducted by the Catholic
Church:


The selling of indulgences





Pope Leo X (above) sold church positions and indulgences to raise money to rebuild
St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

Selling church positions
Selling indulgences = certificates issued by the church that reduced or canceled punishment for a person’s sins  people would buy them to ensure going to Heaven
Luxurious life of the popes
Corruption and immorality of some clergy

Martin Luther’s Beliefs
Salvation = came through

faith alone; God’s grace is freely and directly granted to believers Source of religious authority
= the Bible (as interpreted by the individual), not the
Pope or church leaders
These ideas = created a massive rift between Catholic and Protestant Christianity

Spread of Protestantism
Reformation thinking spread quickly

within and beyond Germany thanks to the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg
Luther’s 95 Theses, many pamphlets, and his German translation of the New Testament were soon widely available
As the movement spread to the rest of Europe, it splintered, creating a variety of different Protestant churches 

Ex: Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Quaker,
Anabaptist, Puritan, etc.

Spread of Protestantism

Calvinism

Established by John

Calvin in Switzerland
Preached predestination
= God determines the fate of every person

The Anabaptists
Denied the authority

of local governments


Refused to hold office, bear arms, or swear oaths Many lived separate

from society  viewed it as sinful
Baptized adult members only

An Anabaptist Immersion
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