Preview

Oxidation of Alcohol

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1599 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Oxidation of Alcohol
Lab 5
Oxidation of an alcohol
CHM2123
Introduction:
Oxidation is a key reaction in organic chemistry. Oxidation of an alcohol can produce aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids. One of the methods of oxidation is an aldol reaction through carbon-carbon bonds. The oxidation oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols oxidizes ketones.
Tertiary alcohols are converted to the common oxidizing agents.
Scheme 5.1:

Aldehydes can be oxidized easily to carboxylic acids in aqueous medias and could cause over-oxidization because there is an extra hydrogen adjacent to the aldehyde. Though over-oxidization of carbonyls is possible with aldehydes, it is not possible with ketones. Ketones lack the easily removed hydrogen that is adjacent to the carbonyl. The goal of this experiment is to carry an oxidization of diphenylmethanol with a solid oxidant of KMnO4 and CuSO4.

Scheme 5.5:

KMnO4 is the oxidant in this reaction that oxidizes the alcohol to the ketone. The CuSO 4 is there to support the KMnO4. The oxidant reacts with the secondary alcohol which forms benzophenone and
MnO2. Then the melting point of the hexanes will be identified. The reactant is a secondary alcohol therefore there would be no over-oxidization. The purity of the benzophenone by recrystallization will be analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Two TLCs is done in this experiment. The first TLC plate is just to monitor the progress of the reaction. The second TLC is to monitor the progress of the recrystallization.
In the second part of the experiment, the goal is to determine which test tubes with unknown A and B contains glucose or sucrose. Benedict 's test is a way to determine the presence of aldehydes in a compound. The benedict 's solution contains copper (II) sulfate and citrate which together can form a complex. This complex acts as an oxidant to oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids. The copper (II) sulfate is reduced and precipitate out. This causes a change in

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    The hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl functional group can be easily substituted because of its enhanced acidity. This is the basis of a halogenation reaction, and controlled oxidation reaction, which will be observed through this investigation.…

    • 1274 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    OXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXANOL TO CYCLOHEXANONE The oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone involves the removal of hydrogen from the OH group. After separation and purification, an Infrared Spectrum will be run to determine the composition of the recovered material. Infrared Spectroscopy is a very powerful technique used in the determination of molecular structure and the identification of unknown organic materials. The infrared spectrum yields direct information about the presence or absence of key functional groups.…

    • 954 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The carbon atom of a carboxyl group has a high oxidation state. Therefore, that many of the chemical reactions used for their preparation are oxidations. In this experiment, an aromatic carboxylic acids namely benzoic acid will be prepared by oxidizing benzyl alcohol which is a primary alcohol. The oxidizing agent used is alkaline potassium permanganate (VII). Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. It is a primary alcohol because the carbon atom which the hydroxyl group,-OH group is connected joins to one alkyl group and two hydrogen atoms.…

    • 256 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Flash-Column Chromatography is another useful technique used to separate and purify complex mixtures of compounds. In this experiment, TLC is used to determine the best solvent system for the column. Due to Flash-Column Chromatography1 being an inexpensive technique, many scientist use this process for drug and natural product purification.…

    • 547 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Thin Layer Chromatography

    • 959 Words
    • 4 Pages

    TLC is used because it is “sensitive, fast, simple and inexpensive analytical technique”2 (Mohrig 151). The unknown solid (unknown #3 in this case) used in the experiment was obtained and added to a 2.5ml of Ethanol/dichloromethane in a test tube. This was the solvent used in the experiment because Dichloromethane volatility and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds makes it a useful solvent for many chemical processes. The solid was already in powder form therefore we did not have to crush it but it the unknown was in a tablet form, one would need to reduce it to a powdery-like form in order to perform this Thin-Layer Chromatography experiment. The powder solution was thoroughly mixed with a glass rod in the test tube containing…

    • 959 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The oxidation-reduction of Nicotinamide adenine Dinucleotides (NADH) are very Important reaction in the biological system. When the Oxidized Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is react with a alcohol, catalyze by Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH), the result products are NADH, H+, and aldehyde.In the biological system, the ADH reaction can go both forward and reverse reaction depended on the concentration of NAD+, NADH, and Alcohol. In the TCA cycle, NADH is the main product. We are studying how the concentration and types of alcohol can affect the ADH reaction. A spectrophotometer is used to determine the concentration of NADH produced in the reaction. Since NADH shows a maximum absorbance at 340 nm that is absent in NAD+, the concentration of NADH can be determine by the measurement of the absorbance. It was found that when high concentration of alcohol was used, the concentration of NADH will be higher. However the equilibrium constants remain the same in different concentration of alcohol. The type of alcohol was found to have an affect of the rate of the reaction. Ethanol has the higher reaction rate than n-propanol, n-butanol, and iso-butanol.…

    • 958 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Thin Layer chromatography is another form of chromatography that is similar to paper chromatography. However a TLC plate, such as plastic, is used instead of paper. The TLC plate is covered in a thin layer of material that is absorbent. The mixture is then put on the starting line at the bottom of TLC plate. The plate is then put into a solvent and the components of the mixture are separated.…

    • 172 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    An alcohol (ROH in reaction 1) is a functional group containing a hydrogen, oxygen bond. Carboxylic acids (CH3CO2H in reaction 1) are characterized by a carbon, oxygen double bond, with one alcohol group and an alkyl or…

    • 2526 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Chromatograph method is a method of separating mixtures of two or more compounds. Two phases are important in this method; one that is stationary and one that is moving. Chromatography works on the principle that different compounds will have different solubilities and adsorption to the two different phases between which are to be partitioned. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a solid-liquid technique. The mixture is observed when it is in two different phase; a solid (stationary phase) and a liquid (moving phase). Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a technique which is sensitive, cheap and fast. A thin layer chromatograph plate is used to identify drug component under UV. It is used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound.…

    • 522 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The decomposition of diacetone alcohol into two molecules of acetone is catalyzed by hydroxide ions and is an example of an aldol condensation in reverse.…

    • 1921 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) will be used to determine the composition of various analgesics. Chromatography is a technique used to separate and identify individual components in a mixture. Chromatographic techniques make use of the fact that components of a mixture tend to move at different speeds along a coated tube or flat surface.…

    • 890 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    You have already performed two chromatography experiments: gas chromatography and thin layer chromatography. All chromatography experiments involve passing a mixture of analytes through a system that includes a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The partitioning of the analytes between these two phases determines the rate at which they pass through the system, and (in theory) allows them to be separated from one another. Column chromatography is a technique routinely used by organic chemists to separate sometimes complicated mixtures of compounds. For example, a chemical reaction may produce more than one compound and the products must be separated. In other instances, if a reaction does not go to completion, i.e. the starting materials do not react completely, then leftover reactants must be separated from the products of interest. Column chromatography is also used to separate mixtures of naturally occurring compounds isolated from plants and other living organisms. Performing column chromatography involves packing a column, which is a glass cylinder, with the stationary phase. The stationary phase is typically silica “gel” or powdered alumina, depending on the types of compounds you wish to separate. The mixture is placed on top of the packing material and a steady, continuous flow of eluting solvent is passed through the column. Although in the TLC experiment only one developing solvent is used to develop a plate, this is not the case for column chromatography: we can switch solvents in the middle of the process. A typical column chromatography experiment would involve starting with a less polar solvent; then, as the non-polar components of the mixture are eluted from the column, one can change to a more polar solvent to move the more polar compounds off the column as well. The polarity of a solvent mixture can be easily adjusted simply by changing the proportions of each of the…

    • 1887 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Alkenes and Ketones

    • 1169 Words
    • 5 Pages

    All aldehydes, except formaldehyde, will have a hydrogen atom on one side of the carbonyl carbon and at least on carbon on the other side.…

    • 1169 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    TLC is a quick and convenient chromatographic method for analyzing a mixture by separating its constituent compounds. Along with determining the number of components in a mixture, TLC can also be of aid in identifying unknown compounds. Separation of compounds is achieved as a partitioning occurs between a mobile phase and a stationary phase. In TLC, the stationary phase is composed of a thin layer of the highly polar silica gel that is deposited on a glass or plastic plate, and the mobile phase consists of a liquid solvent that runs up the plate through capillary action, carrying the solutes, or the chemical compounds that are to be separated and analyzed. The principles of polarity and of intermolecular attractions are of importance in determining how compounds will behave during the separation. While the more polar components of a mixture will stick more strongly to the polar stationary phase and thus, move slower, the least polar components will move the fastest and run higher up the plate.…

    • 1483 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Factors of Starch

    • 333 Words
    • 2 Pages

    presence of sugar. By adding Benedict's reagent to the various solutions, the presence of sugar…

    • 333 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays