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Charismatic Leadership
Types of Leadership

Types of Leadership and Their Characteristics

Michelle Evans-Curtis Nova Southeastern University

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Types of Leadership

INTRODUCTION Leadership is an attribution that people make about other individuals. People tend to characterize leaders as having the following traits: intelligence, outgoing personality, verbal skills, aggressiveness, consistency, determination. They are expected to have the capacity to motivate others to action. The manner in which leaders accomplish this varies as leaders and their styles vary greatly. Successful leadership is correlated to the compliance of followers. In a reflection on leadership, Winblad (1999) states that leaders are decisive. They are forced to make a lot of decisions quickly, and they learn the fine distinction between decisive and authoritarian-a skill in which the relative inexperience of the leader is most obvious. Leaders should create an environment where there is honesty, inspiration and realistic goal setting. Communication and clarification of goals should be continuous. Some leaders develop their team and foster loyalty by making members feel that all the accomplishments realized are a result of a collective effort. Some leaders are adept at allowing followers to come to their own decisions and develop on their own. They may provide very little direction and exercise little authority over the group. There are other types of leaders, who may referred to as democratic, who provide directions, allows the group to arrive at their own decisions, offers suggestions and reinforces team members ideas. More specifically, “the leader encourages members to develop goals and procedures, and stimulates members self-direction and actualization”(Devito, 1999, p 276). There is also the type of leader who sets the pace, makes all the decisions for the group without their input, and seeks little approval from team members. This type of leader

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Types of Leadership

exhibits an



References: Bass, B. (1990). Bass & Stogdill’s handbook of Leadership: theory, research and managerial applications. New York: Free Press. Bass, B. (1985) Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press. Bass, B. & Steidlmeier, P. (1998). Ethics, character and authentic transformational leadership. Retrieved March 31, 2003 from http://cls.binghamton.edu/BassSteid.html Bernthal, W. (1969, May). Organizational leadership: some conceptual models. Paper presented at the meeting of New Presidents of Community Colleges, Scottsdale, AZ. Blast, M. (2000). Out of the box coaching and working with the enneagram. Retrieved March 28, 2003 from http://www.breakoutofthebox.com/charisma.htm Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London: Sage Publications. Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership (1978) New York: Harper & Row. Covey, S.R. (1999). The habits of effective organizations. In Hesselbein, F. & Cohen, P. (Eds.), Leader to leader (pp 215-226). San Fracisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Devito, J. (1999). Essentials of human communication. New York: Longman. Frigon, N., Sr., & Jackson, H., Jr. (1996). The leader: developing the skills and personal qualities you need to lead effectively. New York: Amacon. House, R.J. (1976, October). A 1976 theory if charismatic leadership. Paper Page 9 of 10 Types of Leadership presented at the Southern Illinois University Fourth Biennial Leadership Symposium, Carbondale, IL. Howell, J & Avolio B. (1995). Charismatic leadership: submission or liberation? Business Quarterly, 60, 62-70. Kroeger, O. & Thuesen. J.M. (2002) Type talk at work: How the 16 personality types determine your success on the job. New York: Dell Publishing. Scott, L. (1978). Charismatic authority in the rational organization. Administration Quarterly, 41, 43-62. Weber, M. (1968). On charisma and institution building. Chicago:University of Chicago Press. Winblad, A. (1999). Leadership secrets of a venture capitalist, In Hesselbein, F. & Cohen, P. (Eds.), Leader to leader (pp 183- 187). San Fracisco: JosseyBass Publishers. Page 10 of 10

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