Chapter 9 Intelligence And Psychological Test Outline

AP Psychology Outline
Chapter 9: Intelligence & Psychological Testing

Red – Definition
Blue - Important Points
Green - Important People & Contributions

1. Key Concepts in Psychological Testing
a. Psychological Test – Standardized Measure of a Sample of a Person’s Behavior.
i. Used to Measure Individual Differences.
b. Types of Tests
i. Mental Ability Tests
1. Intelligence Tests – Measure General Mental Ability.
2. Aptitude Tests – Measure Specific Types of Mental Abilities.
a. Verbal Reasoning, Perceptual Speed, Accuracy, etc.
3. Achievement Test – Measure a Person’s Mastery and Knowledge of Various Subjects.
a. Reading English, History, etc. ii. Personality Tests – Measure Various Aspects of Personality, including Motives,
David Wechsler
i. Improved IQ Tests for Adults. ii. Idealized Verbal & Nonverbal IQ’s.
e. Intelligence Testing Today
i. Individual Tests & Group Tests Today. ii. Most likely Score Higher on Group Test.
3. Basic Questions: Intelligence Testing
a. IQ Questions are Diverse, Require to Furnish Information, Recognize Vocabulary, Figure Patterns, Demonstrate Memory.
b. Meaning of IQ Scores
i. Normal Distribution – Symmetric, Bell-Shaped Curve that Represents the Pattern in Which Many Characteristics are Dispersed in the Population. ii. Deviation IQ Scores – Locate Subjects Precisely within the Normal Distribution, Using Standard Deviation as the Unit of Measurement. iii. Modern IQ Scores Indicate exactly where you Fall in the Normal Distribution of Intelligence.
c. IQ Tests Measure a Blend of Potential & Knowledge.
d. IQ Tests are Exceptually Reliable, But Can still yield Unrepresentative Scores.
e. Intelligence Tests & Adequate Validity
i. IQ Tests are Reasonably Valid Indexes of Academic Intelligence. ii. IQ Tests do not Measure all of Mental Ability. iii. 3 Types of Intelligence
1. Verbal Intelligence
2. Practical Intelligence
3. Social Intelligence
f. Intelligence Tests &
Moderate = 36 – 50 IQ iii. Severe = 20-35 IQ iv. Profound = Below 20 IQ
c. Origins of Retardation
i. Down Syndrome = Mild to Severe Retardation. ii. Too Much Fluid in Cerebrospinal Area could Cause Retardation. iii. Problems in Early Childhood Could Cause Retardation.
d. Giftedness
i. Upper 2%-3% In IQ Distribution are Gifted.
e. Personal Qualities of “Gifted”
i. Average IQ around 130 ii. Above Average in Height, Weight, Strength, Physical Health, Emotional Adjustment, Mental Health, and Social Maturity. iii. Above Average in Social & Emotional Development. iv. Ellen Winner – Profoundly Gifted People (IQ = 180 or Above) Are often Introverted and Socially Isolated.
1. Emotional Problems in this Group are Twice as Much as Average.
f. Giftedness & Achievement in Life
i. Rarer Giftedness Makes lasting Contributions to the World. ii. Depends on 3 Factors in the Individual.
1. High Intelligence
2. High Creativity
3. High Motivation iii. Drudge Theory of Exceptional Achievement – Eminence Primarily or Partially Relies upon…
1. Dogged Determination
2. Endless/Tedious Practice
3. Outstanding Mentoring & Training iv. Quality Training, Monumental Effort, and Perseverance are Crucial Factors in