Chapter 54
Chapter 54 - Community Ecology Homework
1.
Explain the differences between competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism and give an example of each. Competition- (–/– interaction) occurs when species compete for a resource in short supply example when an invasive species moves in it cause competition. Large insects defend feeding sites on cottonwood leaves by kicking and shoving smaller aphids from better sites.
Predation- (+/– interaction) refers to an interaction in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey for example such as carnivores or a lion eating a deer. Parasitism- (+/– interaction), one organism, the parasite, derives nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process example such as a leech getting nourishment from it host will harming the host
Mutualism- (+/+ interaction), is an interspecific interaction that benefits both species example a bee pollinated a flower (bee can make honey, flower can reproduce)
Commensalism- (+/0 interaction), one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped example such as bird living in a tree. (birds can live, tree does nothing)
2.
Describe the differences between Batesian and Müllerian mimicry.
Batesian mimicry a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful model Müllerian mimicry is when two or more unpalatable species resemble each other
3.
Search for information on the relationship between Monarch and Viceroy butterflies. Is this a case of Batesian or Müllerian mimicry? Justify your reasoning.
The viceroy has recently been discovered to be actually just as unpalatable as the monarch, making this a case of Müllerian mimicry; because when two or more unpalatable species resemble each other.
4.
Explain the Competitive Exclusion Principle and how it relates to the concept of the ecological niche. Animals that have the same niche will end up competing for the niche because the competitive exclusion
1.
Explain the differences between competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism and give an example of each. Competition- (–/– interaction) occurs when species compete for a resource in short supply example when an invasive species moves in it cause competition. Large insects defend feeding sites on cottonwood leaves by kicking and shoving smaller aphids from better sites.
Predation- (+/– interaction) refers to an interaction in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey for example such as carnivores or a lion eating a deer. Parasitism- (+/– interaction), one organism, the parasite, derives nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process example such as a leech getting nourishment from it host will harming the host
Mutualism- (+/+ interaction), is an interspecific interaction that benefits both species example a bee pollinated a flower (bee can make honey, flower can reproduce)
Commensalism- (+/0 interaction), one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped example such as bird living in a tree. (birds can live, tree does nothing)
2.
Describe the differences between Batesian and Müllerian mimicry.
Batesian mimicry a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful model Müllerian mimicry is when two or more unpalatable species resemble each other
3.
Search for information on the relationship between Monarch and Viceroy butterflies. Is this a case of Batesian or Müllerian mimicry? Justify your reasoning.
The viceroy has recently been discovered to be actually just as unpalatable as the monarch, making this a case of Müllerian mimicry; because when two or more unpalatable species resemble each other.
4.
Explain the Competitive Exclusion Principle and how it relates to the concept of the ecological niche. Animals that have the same niche will end up competing for the niche because the competitive exclusion