Chapter 12 Genome Study Answers
Chapter 12 Genomes Study Guide By: Divya Prakriya
Concept 12.1 : There are powerful methods for sequencing genomes and analyzing gene products.
• The goal of sequencing genomes is to identify mutations in DNA and relate them to phenotypes (ie. Understanding genetics)
• Human Genome Project- 13 year project, used chemically modified nucleotides
• Next generation DNA sequencing- uses miniaturization techniques 1st developed for electronics industry, as well as principles of DNA replication and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
• Massivley Parallel Sequencing- In next generation sequencing, when millions of fragments are sequenced at the same time
• Functional genomics- biologists use sequence information …show more content…
• Yeast- single celled eukaryotes; basic eukaryotes model
• Nematode-has extra genes that encode for cell differentiation, intercellular communication, formation of tissues.
• Drosophilia Melanogaster- genetics and development
• Orthologs-genes with very similar sequences, suggests plants and animals have a common ancestor.
• Arabidopis-has genes unique to plants, photosynthesis, uptake of water, cell wall ect.-similar to rice
• Gene families- copies of genes undergo several mutations creating closely related genes
• Pseudogenes- nonfunctional, result from mutations can cause a loss of function
*Eukaryotic Genomes Carry many repetitive sequences
• Highly Repetitive Sequences-short sequences repeated in tandem arrangements in genome. (not transcribed)
• Tandem- side by side
• Short tandem repeats- can be repeated up to 100 times at a particular chromosomal location. The copy number of an STR at a particular location varies between individuals and is inherited.
• Moderately repetitive sequences- repeated 10-1000 times in eukaryotic
Concept 12.1 : There are powerful methods for sequencing genomes and analyzing gene products.
• The goal of sequencing genomes is to identify mutations in DNA and relate them to phenotypes (ie. Understanding genetics)
• Human Genome Project- 13 year project, used chemically modified nucleotides
• Next generation DNA sequencing- uses miniaturization techniques 1st developed for electronics industry, as well as principles of DNA replication and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
• Massivley Parallel Sequencing- In next generation sequencing, when millions of fragments are sequenced at the same time
• Functional genomics- biologists use sequence information …show more content…
• Yeast- single celled eukaryotes; basic eukaryotes model
• Nematode-has extra genes that encode for cell differentiation, intercellular communication, formation of tissues.
• Drosophilia Melanogaster- genetics and development
• Orthologs-genes with very similar sequences, suggests plants and animals have a common ancestor.
• Arabidopis-has genes unique to plants, photosynthesis, uptake of water, cell wall ect.-similar to rice
• Gene families- copies of genes undergo several mutations creating closely related genes
• Pseudogenes- nonfunctional, result from mutations can cause a loss of function
*Eukaryotic Genomes Carry many repetitive sequences
• Highly Repetitive Sequences-short sequences repeated in tandem arrangements in genome. (not transcribed)
• Tandem- side by side
• Short tandem repeats- can be repeated up to 100 times at a particular chromosomal location. The copy number of an STR at a particular location varies between individuals and is inherited.
• Moderately repetitive sequences- repeated 10-1000 times in eukaryotic