Cellular Adaptation
Cellular adaptations occur in terms of: * size of the cells that are atrophy decrease in cell size due to decrease workload; and hypertrophy due to increase workload * number of the cells that is are hyperplasia(but this is one change) increase in the # of cells resulting due toform increase rate of cell division due to injury or hormones. * reversible change of one type of cell into another type of cell that is metaplasia occurs due to chronic inflammation and irritation. * disordered cellular development often accompanied with hyperplasia and metaplasia is due to chronic inflammation and irritation and it is known as Dysplasia.
Question1
Marks: 1
Case #1: A 4 year girl has a broken arm. After her cast is removed 6 weeks later, her healing arm is markedly smaller than her normal arm. Identify the type of adaptation and also mention its mechanism.
Answer:
atrophy |
Type of cellular adaptation: atrophy
Mechanism of adaptation: Decrease work load, Shrinkage or decrease in cell size
Question2
Marks: 1
Case #2: On a routine visit to the physician, a healthy 51-year-old man has a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. If his hypertension remains untreated for years, which of the following cellular alterations would most likely be seen in his myocardium? And why?
Answer:
hypertrophy |
Hypertrophy, because of increased work load Synthesis of more structural & functional components of cell.
-Increase Endoplasmic reticulum ER,
-Increase Mitochondria
-Increase Myofilaments
-Increase synthesis of structural proteins and DNA
Question3
Marks: 1
Case #3: A 69-year-old man has had difficulty with urination, including hesitancy and frequency, for the past 5 years. A digital rectal examination reveals that the prostate gland is palpably enlarged to about twice normal size. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in the prostate? And why?
Answer:
hypertroophy |
Hyperplasia
Increase in the # of cells
Question1
Marks: 1
Case #1: A 4 year girl has a broken arm. After her cast is removed 6 weeks later, her healing arm is markedly smaller than her normal arm. Identify the type of adaptation and also mention its mechanism.
Answer:
atrophy |
Type of cellular adaptation: atrophy
Mechanism of adaptation: Decrease work load, Shrinkage or decrease in cell size
Question2
Marks: 1
Case #2: On a routine visit to the physician, a healthy 51-year-old man has a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. If his hypertension remains untreated for years, which of the following cellular alterations would most likely be seen in his myocardium? And why?
Answer:
hypertrophy |
Hypertrophy, because of increased work load Synthesis of more structural & functional components of cell.
-Increase Endoplasmic reticulum ER,
-Increase Mitochondria
-Increase Myofilaments
-Increase synthesis of structural proteins and DNA
Question3
Marks: 1
Case #3: A 69-year-old man has had difficulty with urination, including hesitancy and frequency, for the past 5 years. A digital rectal examination reveals that the prostate gland is palpably enlarged to about twice normal size. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in the prostate? And why?
Answer:
hypertroophy |
Hyperplasia
Increase in the # of cells