Campbell's AP Biology Notes: Command And Control Center
Campbell’s AP Biology Notes
Chapter 48: Nervous Systems
Command and Control Center * The human brain contains an estimated 100 billion nerve cells, or neurons * Each neuron my communicate with thousands of other neurons * Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technology that can reconstruct a 3-D map of brain activity * The results of brain imaging and other research methods reveal that groups of neurons function in specialized circuits dedicated to different tasks
48.1: Nervous Systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells * All animals except sponges have some type of nervous system * What distinguishes the nervous systems of the different animal groups is how the neurons are organized …show more content…
* The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions have antagonistic effects on target organs * The sympathetic division correlates with the “fight-or-flight” response * The parasympathetic division promotes a return to self-maintenance functions * The enteric division controls the activity of the digestive tract, pancreas, and gallbladder * In all vertebrates the brain develops from three embryonic regions: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain * By the fifth week of human embryonic development five brain regions have formed from the three embryonic regions * As a human brain develops further the most profound change occurs in the forebrain, which gives rise to the cerebrum * The brainstem consists of three parts: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain * The medulla oblongata contains centers that control several visceral functions * The pons also participates in visceral functions * The midbrain contains centers for the receipt and integration of several types of sensory information * A diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation is present in the core of the brainstem * A part of the reticular formation, the reticular activating system (RAS) regulates sleep and
Chapter 48: Nervous Systems
Command and Control Center * The human brain contains an estimated 100 billion nerve cells, or neurons * Each neuron my communicate with thousands of other neurons * Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technology that can reconstruct a 3-D map of brain activity * The results of brain imaging and other research methods reveal that groups of neurons function in specialized circuits dedicated to different tasks
48.1: Nervous Systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells * All animals except sponges have some type of nervous system * What distinguishes the nervous systems of the different animal groups is how the neurons are organized …show more content…
* The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions have antagonistic effects on target organs * The sympathetic division correlates with the “fight-or-flight” response * The parasympathetic division promotes a return to self-maintenance functions * The enteric division controls the activity of the digestive tract, pancreas, and gallbladder * In all vertebrates the brain develops from three embryonic regions: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain * By the fifth week of human embryonic development five brain regions have formed from the three embryonic regions * As a human brain develops further the most profound change occurs in the forebrain, which gives rise to the cerebrum * The brainstem consists of three parts: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain * The medulla oblongata contains centers that control several visceral functions * The pons also participates in visceral functions * The midbrain contains centers for the receipt and integration of several types of sensory information * A diffuse network of neurons called the reticular formation is present in the core of the brainstem * A part of the reticular formation, the reticular activating system (RAS) regulates sleep and