The Consulting Chemists Institute has been asked to analyze the drug preparation of Aspirin to find out what percentages of aspirin, sucrose, and drug preparation. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the unknown component of panacetin. Panacetin contains aspirin, sucrose, and an unknown component. Dichloromate reacts with Panacetin to produce the sucrose as an insoluble solid. Aspirin is removed from the solution by reacting with sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer reacts with hydrochloric acid, the unknown component can then be isolated by evaporating the solvent from the dichloromethane solution.…
SOMLYO AP, WU X, WALKER LA & WALSH MP 1999, ‘Pharmomechanical coupling: the role of calcium, G-proteins, kinases and phosphatases’, Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol. 132, pp. 201-234…
This experiment was based on the unknown component of “Panacetin”. In addition to our unknown, we used phenacetin, acetanilide and water. The structures of phenacetin and acetanilide are shown respectively.…
Response | |1 |3.86 |-0.0140 |-0.0512 |-0.198 |- |0.0240 |0.00704 |0.0272 |- | |2 |7.72 |0.0210 |0.0768 |0.296 |- |0.0370 |0.0109 |0.0421 |- | |3 |11.6 |0.0610 |0.223 |0.861 |- |0.0300 |0.00880 |0.0340 |- | |4 |15.4 |0.0280 |0.102 |0.394 |- |0.314 |0.0921 |0.356 |+ | |5 |19.3 |-0.0610 |-0.223 |-0.861 |- |0.0800 |0.0235 |0.0907 |- | |6 |23.2 |0.0470 |0.172 |0.664 |+ |0.0480 |0.0141 |0.0544 |- | |7 |27.0 |0.459 |1.68 |6.48 |+ |0.000 |0.000 |0.000 |- | |8 |30.9 |0.727 |2.66 |10.3 |+ |0.0240 |0.00704 |0.0272 |- | |9…
The element calcium’s name first originated from the Latin name “calx” which means “lime”. It was first discovered in England during the year 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy. He was able to separate calcium into a pure metal by doing an electrolysis process on a mixture of lime HgO, which is mercuric oxide. However, Sir Humphry Davy was not able to do this until after he found out Berzelius and Pontin electrolysed lime into mercury which constructed calcium amalgam. Although he discovered calcium in 1808, calcium metal was not available in large amounts until the beginning of the twentieth century. Before the autumn of 1808, John Dalton, an Englishman, explained the results of his own studies by supposing matter is composed of atoms. He supposed that…
Calpain is a protein belonging to the family of calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases expressed ubiquitously in mammals and many other organisms. Calpain inhibitors have been used to study the role of calpains in diverse processes, including neutrophil chemotaxis, neuronal signaling, and cardiac response to injury.…
that interact with the active site and they help increase the rate of reaction. Inhibitors bind and react…
Increased blood calcium levels stimulate the secretion of calcitonin from the thyroid and active osteoblasts to build bones thereby reducing blood calcium levels to within their normal range. Decreased blood calcium levels stimulate the parathyroid glands to release PTH which activate osteoclasts which degrade bone and release calcium into the blood stream thereby raising blood calcium levels.…
Calcium assists in muscular contractions and regulating the rate of contraction of your cardiac muscle.…
In the short story titled, ¨Shortcut¨ by Nancy Werlin, Lacey the protagonist learns that everyone deserves a chance. Lacey thought poorly of Catrine and really didn’t like her. “Catrine was the definition of unacceptable…. acne wasteland of a face….hunched shoulders….the one everybody laughed at.” Even though Lacey didn’t like Catrine she still thought that she deserved a chance, a chance to know about Will’s plan to attack her.…
References: Keown, A. J., Martin, J.D., Petty, J.W., & Scott, S. F. (2005). Financial management: Principles and applications (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.…
Considering all of the roles that it plays, calcium is of the upmost physiological importance and is the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium is a chemical element depicted by the symbol Ca and has an atomic number of 20 (Saunders). This means that calcium has 20 electrons as well as 20 protons. A Ca2+ ion has both of the atom's valence electrons stripped from it, so it has an overall positive charge of two. Calcium is essential structurally by helping to build and maintain strong bones. This vital mineral makes up 99% of the bones and teeth (Saunders). Calcium in bones can be used as a reserve that can later be released into the blood when it is needed the most. The important role that calcium plays in so many processes dictates that its concentration, both extracellularly and intercellularly, be maintained within a very narrow range (Saunders). Even relatively small changes in blood calcium levels can have dramatic effects, including muscle and brain dysfunction, heart failure and ultimately death. Calcium levels in the blood are regulated by two hormones: Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as Vitamin D. These hormones act on bone cells and other tissues to help raise or lower plasma concentrations. When calcium levels rise, the hormone calcitonin functions to reduce blood calcium, which is sensed by the thyroid gland (Hendrickson). Calcitonin acts to lower the concentration of calcium in the blood by taking…
To Use L-Carnitine, you have to choose the kind of L-carnitine that is appropriate for you. Besides, Take 1.5 to 2 grams daily of L-carnitine to treat angina or heart failure. To treat heart disease, you can take 600 to 1,200 mg three times a day or 750 mg two. You can take 2 to 4 grams daily for peripheral vascular disease. In addition, Consume 3 grams of L-carnitne a day to treat diabetic neuropathy. Fore male infertility, take 300 to 1,000 mg three times. You need to take 500 to 1,000 mg three to four times a day for chronic fatigue syndrome. You must consume 2 to 4 grams daily in two to four doses for an overactive thyroid. Other than that, Take 500 to 1,000 mg of acetyl-L-carnitine for general purposes.…
Leavesley, H.B., Krishnan, L.L., Prabhakaran, K. et al. 2008. Interaction of cycanide and nitric oxide with…
Herfindal, E. and Gourley D. (2000). Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management. Seventh Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.…