Bribery in Engineering Profession

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|| Bribery in Engineering ||
Profession ||

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Mohammed&Abdulaziz&Basloom&
Mohammed&Hashim&Kear&
Rashad&Khaled&Al&Sadi&
Iman&Soltani&
Seyed&Mohammad&Hashemi&
Sadaf&Aminmansour&

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Table Of Content

Introduction

3

Present System

5

Problems With Present System

9

Objectives

14

Solution

17

Survey Form

20

Survey Analysis

23

Lecturer Survey

32

Discussion

51

Conclusion

56

References

58

Appendix

60

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Introduction
What is bribery? Bribery is kind of receiving, giving, promising, or agreeing to receive money or some other item of value to do or omit illegal thing, and it’s happened widespread in our world. Everyone in our planet must face this situation once at least. Some people call (Bribery) as gift to not to blame their selves as guilty.
Bribery in other words, it’s the payment or the promise of money or other lucrative consideration to induce another; such make the presses easier and faster. Bribery considered as crime and the involved people in it, considered as guilty in most countries; even you pay to complete your process you are guilty of performing bribery. Some workers try to push/force the people who deal with them to pay or offer them other things. [1]
Bribery has been in our lives ever since the matters of law and order have been issued. When there is law, there is breaking to it as well. And one of the most common law breaking acts done by almost everyone at least once in their lifetime is bribery. There has been at least one moment that we were tempted to give or accept bribery or even done so in order to make something happen in our benefit. Bribery, no matter how small the bribe, is still bribery and is counted as illegal. Although you might feel that you have not harmed anyone in any way, the fact that you may gain something by performing bribery means that someone else has lost something in a way and that makes bribery illegal.
There is no controversy that the international engineering businesses all over the world has been increased, this increase covers the whole world. Businesses occur on regional and global levels, as well as between developed and developing countries.
This has helped to stimulate the economies of individual countries and the entire world. The success of all engineering businesses depends on countless factors. One of the factors that affect the success of engineering businesses is case of corruption, especially bribery. The problem of corruption has gained momentum, a major factor contributing to the moral decay of an already fractured society. Bribery affects the ethics and professional conduct for companies operating in the international arena.
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This is the reason that the danger of bribery has gained prominence in laws and policies in most countries, since then there’s no country can survive after the devastating effects of bribery. [2]
Bribery could be seen and performed in all fields of business, law, sports ship or media. Someone may bribe and police officer to get out of being fined, bribe authorities to oversee a fault in a product, bribe a team or and individual athlete to lose on purpose or even bribe a media or distribute false news or rumor. There are other types of bribery, which relates to our topic, which is the bribery in the construction industry or any other engineering related industry.
Since any project being done or built is not exclusive of different people interacting with each other or doing business with one another, the issue of bribery comes into play. In order for any of the parties contributing to the project to get things done faster than their legal time or run things smoothly for their benefit to eventually complete the project, these parties might perform bribery sometime, either receiving or giving. These types of illegal transactions might not harm anyone in any ways but when it comes to ethics of an engineer or life safety of the customers, bribery must be highly out of the question. An engineer will swear to be ethical and vows to honest and takes the responsibility of life of the costumers when he/she starts a job, therefore he/she may not jeopardize the life of any individual with or without the help of bribery. This paper discusses the problem of bribery and their impact on the success of developing the countries like Malaysia. Initially, the paper will provide a problem statement on bribery in the engineering profession in Malaysia, classifications of activities that can be seen on constitute corruption, with particular attention to bribery and features. After that the provisions will be assessed the relevant legal instruments touching on bribery, in order to determine the effect of these provisions on the incidence of bribery in engineering professions. Secondly, the paper will provide the objectives of preventing bribery in engineering profession in Malaysia. Thirdly, the paper will include a survey form, which had been distributed to engineering students as well as analysis of each statement or question in the survey.
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Present System
Bribery is a universal problem that weakens growth and development by taking resources away from development programs as a result of that increasing poverty and inequality. It damages sustainable development. Bribery slows economic progress. Bribery hurts the poor not the rich. Bribery comes in many forms, some harmful, some minor. Like disease bribery can be widespread like an illness or irregular like mumps.
The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) is a government agency that investigates corruption in the public and in the private, was established in
January 2009, replacing its predecessor the Anti Corruption Agency (ACA), is the sole body that manages cases related to corruption and is in the forefront in anticorruption initiatives nationwide. The role of the MACC is to eradicate corruption, abuse of powers and malpractices and its functions rooted to the principles of
Independent, Transparent and Professional. [3]
In its vision to create a corruption-free society based on high spiritual and moral values as well as establishing as a profession and par excellence anti-corruption body, the MACC engages a three prong approach in the fight against corruption: -

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Enforcement: o To detect corruption offences. o To investigate corruption offences

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Community Education: o To educate the public against corruption. o To enlist and foster public support against corruption.

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Prevention: o To detect the risk of corruption in practices, systems and work procedures in all sectors. o To advise as deem necessary on the likelihood of the occurrence of corruption. &
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According to Transparency International, Malaysia scored worst in the 2012
Bribe Payers Survey. 3,000 executives from 30 countries been asked whether they had lost a contract in the past year because competitors paid a bribe. [3][4]
“It shows the attitude of private companies in Malaysia, indicating that bribery in the public sector could be systemic and in a sense institutionalized,” said Paul Low, president of the Malaysian chapter of Transparency International. The government of
Malaysia established special courts to hear corruption and bribery cases and is working to give harsh punishment according to R.Devagunam, director of corruption prevention. This action caused in lower overall scores in Transparency International’s
Corruption Perception Index deteriorated for three consecutive years. In 2011, the countries scored 4.3%, which is slightly lower than the previous year, which was
4.4%, but significantly lower than the government’s benchmark of 4.9%. [4]

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Anonymous Bribery Cases in the engineering profession in Malaysia:

Engineer Pleads Guilty To Bribe Charges

Figure.1: showing a bribery case of a consultant engineer which later been punished by MACC. [5]

As shown in Figure.1 above a consultant engineer which was supervising the construction of the Padang Sertik Garbage Disposal Centre at Bentong. He had been bribed to prevent an inspection on the construction of the water treatment plant at the project site. And the briber was the sub-contractor of the project. This case shows that
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the factors of bribing are easing the process for the sub-contractor by disregarding his infringements and seeking for higher profit even though RM750 is not that much but this might be because he is not been paid enough salary.
Engineer Charged With Corruption

Figure.2: showing a bribery case of an engineer been bribed to help secure jobs. [6]

The bribery case shown in Figure.2 above of an engineer been bribed to help secure jobs for the briber. In this case the bribee pleaded not guilty and claimed trial
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to both charges. This is another issue of denying the crime he did. So, this case shows that some guilty people do not see that bribery is an illegal action, which consider as a crime. MACC may continue with S.D. bribery case

Figure.3: showing a bribery case of one of the biggest engineering organization in Malaysia. [7]

The bribery case shown in Figure.3 above is bribery crime made in one of the biggest engineering organization in Malaysia. In this case the major factor of bribing is the greed. Greed is the desire to possess goods and wealth, or abstract things of value with the intention for him illegally.
From the previous cases mentioned above, problems with present system will be discussed in the next section of this paper.

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Problems With Present System
There are problems of bribing in the engineering profession in Malaysia.
These problems could be divided into two parts; harms of bribery, what resorts engineers to bribe? . Each part will be discussed separately. The difference between rewarding someone for completing your work and bribing someone to complete your work will be discussed in this section as well.

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Harms of bribery in the engineering environment: o Cause destruction of good tenders
Bribing to get the tender may lead to injustice, which may

eliminate the versatility of competitors who may have perform better than the bribee one, which could be a lower quality and their main goal of doing the project is getting profit unlike the craftsmanship competitor whose main goal to done better quality performing of the project. o Lead to the spread of selfishness, disregard for the interests and lack of self-confidence among employees in the environment
Selfishness is placing concerned with oneself or one's own interests above interests of other employees, which destroys the confidence among them it also leads to disregard for the interests among employees. o Absence of the principle of cooperation:
That’s mean without receiving gift or bribery the employee won’t cooperate to make things done. That will lead to spoil the work. o Loss of enthusiasm and motivation to work:
Employees who bribe or been bribed to have something done smoothly or to ease the process of work will lose the motivation to work harder and they will just use the easy way to have it done by bribing. Disregard for the interests of the organization and the interests
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of the other employee, and then spread the spirit of boredom, anxiety and lack of affiliation. o Low quality and quantity of production due to exchange energies towards self-interests:
Leakage of organization funds under the influence of bribery, which lead to have low quality and quantity of production. o Spread rumors and the spread of the charges:
Rumors will lead the employee to the departure of individuals to search for news frivolous and the spread of chaos and disorder in the organization. o The occurrence of the capabilities of the organization under the grip of a handful of bribers and bribees in the organization, and harnessed to their common interests:
Usually these bribers and bribees are influential people in the organization. And that thing might lead most of the lower employee to follow the same methodology of the upper ones. o Dominated by a few lobbyists and interests on regulatory policies and be directed towards their interests:
And that domination, which upsets the loyalty and affiliation of employees confidence in the ability of the organization to dominate the policies of the organization. o If bribery become common in an engineering society and did not addressed by the reformers, after the passage of time will be a normal action:
That might lead the people to get along with it and that is not a secret that many prejudice to slay the sensation, which is very dangerous to the engineering environment.

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o The society of engineering will lose confidence:
In the rule is not a reliable approach of the judiciary and resorting to take a right and then not only be in front of the oppressed to take revenge for themself, not only when the right holder fraud to take his right hand. o Give the opportunity and empowerment for each invalidates indulges in the vain:
Robbing the money and violate the symptoms and shed blood without any indifference; that will cross the bridge without being thrown bribery punishment. •

What resorts engineers to bribe in the engineering environment? : o Weakness of administrative control:
If the administrative control is weak in the engineering organization that will make it easy to spread bribery among the organization. o When the most influential people or the higher position people take bribery: If it spreads among the people that higher position people of the engineering environment they take bribes that leads the lower position people to follow the same methodology of the higher ones. o Low salaries of the engineers in the organization:
Low salary is one of the things that resort engineers in Malaysia to bribe. Especially big organization that can pay higher salary. The average salary of fresh graduated engineers in Malaysia is around RM 1500, which nowadays cannot afford to pay house rental, electric bill, Internet bill and etc. This low salary will leads fresh graduated engineer to find a side payment which is can be get very easily by bribing.

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o The greed of the people occupying higher position:
Greed is the desire to possess goods and wealth, or abstract things of value with the intention for him illegally. So people occupying higher position always looking for extra income and they sees bribery can get the desire income, which affects the engineering organization and the image of engineering profession. o Easing the process of any engineering project:
Some people intend to bribe in the reason of easing the process of doing an engineering project. o Overlook to the irregularities in the engineering organization:
The irregularities some engineering organizations do will lead them to bribe in order to overlook on these irregularities.

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The difference between rewards and bribes:
A reward is something been given after completing the work without

the employee who completed the work knows about it. And bribe is something been offered before the completing the work and the employee knows about it.
The reward will have an impact against the impact of bribery. Rewarding will motivate employees to do their job with more credibility and more quality.
Rewarding can be given to the lower position employees by the higher position employees.
How reward will have an impact against the impact of bribery? . Well, rewards will increase various factors such as motivation to get the reward, speeds the productivity as well as encouraging employees to do the work in more proper way which leads to increase organizational performance. By rewarding employees that leads all other employees who have not been reward before to work harder to achieve organization goals and his is own goal by getting that reward which may make him happier and more productive than before. &
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Figure.4: shows some factors of rewarding engineers. [8]

The factors of rewarding engineers are shown in Figure.4 above are motivation, success, freedom, wealth, knowledge, excellence and self-esteem. All these factors if combined to be in each engineer will lead increase organizational performance which also will help in preventing bribery as well as speeding in develop and promote Malaysia to be number one to the world.

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Objectives
In this project, a topic on bribery in engineering profession in Malaysia will be discussed. The biggest issue that is related to bribery on engineering profession would be the loyalty of the employee to their major, company, colleagues, and community. From the public overview or most of the people, bribery is an action of disloyal and employees should owe a ‘duty of loyalty’ to their work frame. The IEEE and other engineering institutes Ethics Code clearly states that involvement in bribery is unacceptable behavior for an engineer. The issue made is that, in various parts of the world, specifically activities that people in Malaysia would call bribery, are routine business practices. Those subjected to Malaysian standards of ethics and laws are prohibited from engaging in these practices, then, they will be significantly handicapped in the market place. On the other hand, there are several objectives that can be obtained from fighting or reducing the rate of bribery in Malaysia [9].

• Fight side payment practice:
Employees of both government and private industry, who daily interact with the public or with organizations seeking several services, are not paid adequate salaries. They expect that their salaries will be incremented by side payments paid by those using their services. This action is Similar to rewarding. It is different from bribing in that the payments are made, not to induce people to do something wrong, but rather to get them to do what they are employed to do. In some cases, for example where reward payments are necessary to release work permission do a technical work .the situation takes on the flavor of extortion. Moreover, the work is threatened with costly delays unless grease is paid [10][11].
• Elimination of bribery practice in procuring contracts, companies that do not offer bribes will clearly be at a disadvantage, at least in the short term:
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It is likely to lose out in the battle for contracts. Suppose that such a company declare its policy clearly and publicly calls attention to the corrupt practices of its competitors. While this would probably be counterproductive in the short run, the result may be to build up good will among the forces in the country that are fighting against corruption, Should those forces prevail, then the honest company is likely to be rewarded. In the worst case, it may be necessary to recognize that there are times when one must choose between immediate self-interest and ethical behavior. Where corruption is so rampant that it is not possible to do business in an honest manner, then perhaps the most appropriate response is simply to refrain from doing business in that country. If this policy were widely adopted, then strong pressure for reform would be a likely outcome [10][11].

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Develop a greater ethical decision-making and moral courage among engineers and those who work with engineers:
One of the most challenging and interesting areas of moral

reasoning involves deciding where to draw the line between allowable and not allowable actions. Even if we know that some actions are clearly right and others are clearly wrong, there may be gray areas where making decisions is difficult For example Deciding when to accept or refuse a gift [12].

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Address and eradicate all forms of abuse of power:
Addressing the bribery in engineering profession is a significant

step to get rid of bribery in engineering projects. Moreover, eliminate the bribery will eradicate other bad effects of it such as abusing of power, other kind of corruption and malpractice. Corruption comes with bribery by default
[13].

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Strengthen honesty and improve capability of the engineering profession through human resources development programs:
Strengthen the integrity and honesty of engineering will bring a lot

of related and not related advantages. Thus, all forms of corruption and one of them is bribery will disappear in the field of the engineering. As result of that,
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mastery and presence of work will be the common ethics of the engineering on the sites or offices [13].

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Create engineering society who is corruption-free in Malaysia based on moral values and high spiritual:
Creating a society of engineering based on moral values and high

spiritual that will reflects on the projects that engineers do. Engineering in area becomes professional due to the results of the projects that they did [13].

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Excelling the MACC a professional anti-corruption agency:
The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) is an

organization created for the purpose of eliminating corruption. Corruption takes many methods but, agreeing to the Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy, the most exact meaning of corruption is “the abuse of power by a public official for private benefits.” [13].

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Solution
The problem of bribery all over the world and Malaysia in this case, should not be tolerated and waived easily, and there must be solutions to this problem proposed. Bribery exists and it is affecting the society and its productivity, creativity and mentality, therefore in order to stop bribery harassing the society, it must come to an end. But ending such a gigantic issue will not come easy, it takes endless effort, sacrifice, thorough management and the will power to do so. The problem of bribery can be solved even though it is very difficult, but it needs to be broken down into different sections. These sections could be different parts of society, different age of society members or different medium to stop bribery.
Parts of society that could be looked into in order to stop or decrease bribery, would be the main and most hurting parts of a society, for example police departments, health care industry, judicial courts, education systems, tax organizations, construction organizations ant etc. these organizations and systems must be monitored for bribery acceptance and the act of bribe offering. Any signs of bribery must be considered and action must be taken such as punishments like jail time or huge fines to be paid by the briber or the receiving end. The amount of fine and jail time can be determined by the judiciary system of the country. Now in this case, we are focused merely on acts of bribery done in construction projects or any type of projects related to the engineering world. Therefore the monitoring should be done on the components of a project such as contractors, owners, suppliers, customers and designers by the authorities permitted to do so.
This monitoring could be done on the activities and purchases performed by the components of the project in order to spot any signs of illegal action. These illegal actions accustomed by the components may include going around the finalized design of a product when in production process, false receipts of purchase or sale in order to mislead the tax organizations so that they pay less tax and illegal sale of a product to a preferred customer when the product is supposed to be available to public and other illegal endeavors that may result in one or more of the components’ profit. The action of monitoring itself needs to be managed and performed regularly and without
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mistakes and should be done by authorities who are prone to bribe acceptance and are obeying the law and ethics. Also if there is a lack of man power in the monitoring for bribery systems, steps could be provided for all the actions that may be done by the components of a project which all are according to a predetermined criteria and could not be cheated, this way every action has to be done according to the law and has to go through the monitoring system and has to be checked for illegal actions. An example could be the purchase of materials from suppliers in which accountants may be bribed to manipulate the receipts for tax reduction, to be done through the government and using standard forms and receipts only, otherwise the purchase shall be accounted as illegal. These suggestions for solving the bribery problem in the engineering world could very well decrease the bribery, if not stop, to a minimum.
The matter of bribery must become a taboo for the society when in earlier ages of the members. If kids are taught what effects can bribery have on the society and that nothing in any circumstances must oblige them to use bribery in their advantage.
If the root of the mind of a person is strong enough to reject bribery starting from early age, it will be prepared to start taking actions in order to stop it as well.
Educational systems such as schools that are the main source of learning for kids, could be the most effective to help the children to oppose bribery in general from early ages. And then when they want to get into specific profession, in this case engineering, it’s the university’s responsibilities to help the students understand the effects of bribery on the economy of a country, consumers’ health and the image of the profession. During the education period of an engineer, it should also be made clear that bribery is a crime and not only it may have moral consequences but also it may result the person to be accounted as a criminal. Therefore we could say that planting the seed of opposing bribery in a child’s mind is way more effective than trying to tell a person what is wrong or right when their mind has already formed.
The media in a society are important as well, as they are the ones affecting the mind and behavior of the society members the most. Television channels and radio channels and websites that are used commonly by the society can help to advertising against bribery by making a taboo out of bribery every now and then so that the society accepts it as something forbidden. We all know that media affects the mind of the society the most, it could turn someone’s idea about something around in a very
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short period, and therefore the government must use this advantage in order to shape the general idea of the society around the bad effects of bribery. In our case, TV shows and documentaries could be made to demonstrate the consequences of bribery that has harmed a project or a product, resulting in health and financial damages.
Showing a few numbers of bad consequences of bribery in construction projects, in which the structures were not built strong enough because of insufficient quality materials, could very well aware and also scare the society into accepting that bribery is harming the society and economy of the country, therefore the people themselves will take action against the illegal action of bribery.
In conclusion, we can say there are many ways to decrease or stop bribery by using different methods and different media and at different times. But this cannot be done without proper management and monitoring. In the specific field of engineering, the monitoring must be more strict than normal monitoring because the consequences of bribery which may result in faulty products and constructions, are worse than for example a police officer accepting some money in order not to write a ticket for speeding. Using these solutions may very well help the process of stopping or decreasing the illegal action of bribery in the engineering world and also protect the ethics and image of an engineer.

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Survey Form

Questionnaire on bribery in Malaysia ?

* Required
Have you ever bribe someone in your life ? * o Yes

o

No

Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone ? * o Yes

o

No

Would you bribe if you are about to enter jail ? * o Yes

o

No

Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe ? * o Yes

o

No

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Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors. * o Strongly Agree

o

Agree

o

Disagree

o

Strongly Disagree

Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery ? *
! Seeking for high profit
! Dominate the market
! Ease of process
! Greed

Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession ? * o Yes

o

No

Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries ? * o Strongly Agree

o

Agree

o

Disagree

o

Strongly Disagree

Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC)" ? * o Yes

o

No

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Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia ? * o Yes

o

No

Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough ? * o Yes

o

No

Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment?
?*
o

Yes

o

No

Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia. *

Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields ? *

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Survey Analysis

In the above survey form, a couple types of questions have been used.
Moreover these types are (Y/N) questions and two short answer questions. The first three questions, have investigated the bribery background of the surveyors or in other words the surveyors personal experience and opinions, by knowing whether he/she has took place in bribery situation before and obtain the clear opinion about bribery wither it is wrong or not. In this online survey, we have received 62 responses from people occupying different positions in communities and engineering fields.
Question 1
Have you ever bribe someone in your life?

The first question focuses on the surveyors experience with bribery. The answers that were obtained show that the majority of the surveyors have taken place on bribery situations before. Out of the 62 surveyors, 34 surveyors experienced bribery, which they represent 55% of the total participants in this survey. Moreover, 45% of the surveyors that represent 28 participants have not bribed before. We can conclude from this question that the bribery is widely practiced in our community.

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Question 2:
Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone?

The second question focuses on the surveyor opinions on bribery. Majority of the surveyors, which represent 90% of the total participant think bribery, is wrong action to be taken. On the other Hand, 10% of the participants think bribery is not wrong, may be the people who think bribery is not wrong, take a bribe or think of bribery as reword for people to do what they were employed to do.
Question 3
Would you bribe if you are about to enter jail?

In the third question, the answers we have received are exactly equal. 50% of the participants, which represent 31 out of 62, think bribery lead to jail. Moreover, the

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same number of participants think bribery dose not lead to jail time. These means not quit numbers of the organizations punch the workers for leakage of ethics.
Question 4
Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe?

In this question, we found that 63% of the surveyors or 39 out of 62 participants think rewording people for doing their jobs don’t consider as bribe. However, 37% of the surveyors disagree with the first category. Form the above percentages; it is obvious that most of the people pay for other workers to do what they were employed to do; this is confirming that the concept of bribery will someday become normal action for people to take.

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Question 5
Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors?

In question five, Majority of people have strongly agreed that priority in engineering projects is given to the highest payer in the market, no matter of their workmanship quality. On the other hand, 26%, which represent 9 individuals are between, disagree and strongly disagree. This is probably because; they do believe another factors decide the priority of the getting the tender.
Question 6
Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery?

For the above question, we have provided some answers for the surveyor to choose from. We do believe that these answers represent the major reasons for the organization or industrial corporations tend to bribe to do business. On the Other
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Hand, from the four answers, seeking for high profit occupied the first position in term of selection by 36 % or 20 surveyors followed by Dominate the market, 24%.
Where, 22% or 12 surveyors think that most of the companies bribe to ease the process of work or to complete the work faster. However, Minority of the surveyor thinks that organizations greed push them to bribe.
Question 7:
Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession?

In question seven, it is widely known that engineering profession has a great image developed through the years of practicing engineering profession.

Image of

engineering profession is at risk, when engineers are applying ethical and professional standards in their profession. However, from the answers that we have obtained 66% or 23 surveyors think that ignoring ethical and professional standards engineering profession, effects negatively on the image of engineering. On the other hand, 34% or
12 surveyors think applying ethical and professional standards has no effects on engineering image.

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Question 8:
Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries?

In question 8, we have asked the surveyors to response to statement we have developed by choosing the level of agreement. 46% of the surveyors strongly agreed that Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries. On the other hand, 37% response by choosing agrees level, 17% response by choosing disagree level, and 0% of the surveyor response by choosing strongly disagree level.
From these different responses, we can conclude that bribery has quite noticeable effect on the economy.
Question 9:
Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC)”?

In this question we wanted to get the acknowledgment from the people about knowing the organizations that fight corruption. From the answers we obtained, quite numbers of people don’t know the steps taken by the country to fight corruption .27% of the surveyor have heard about the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. On the other
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hand, Majority of the surveyors hasn’t heard about Malaysian Anti-Corruption
Commission.
Question 10:
Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia?

In question 10, 65% of the surveyors think that Malaysian Anti-Corruption
Commission has no effective role in fighting corruption. Moreover, that may be, due to the wide bribery practices people Almost see every day. On the other hand, the minority of the surveyors thinks that Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission has been taking an effective role in fighting corruption.
Question 11:
Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough?

This question, we wanted to obtain people opinions about MACC methods of fighting corruptions and whether MACC working alone or it does work side to side with other
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organizations to fight corruptions. We found that 58% or the majority of the surveyors don’t think MACC is working alone and they also think that the methods which are used by MACC are not efficient to fight corruption. However, 42% of the surveyors do believe that MACC independent, transparent and professional enough to eliminate corruption forms.
Question 12
Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment? In this question, we have found that 60% of the total surveyors think, bribery has bad influence on the companies and for an engineer in competitive environments.
However 40% think that bribery has no major effect on an engineer in competitive environments. Question 13
Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia?
In 13th question, we have asked the surveyors to provide a short statement on methods that may help to overcome bribery in Malaysia. Below are some of the top comments
• Pay a good salary to the employees
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• Organizing events to fight bribe
• Punish them and fine them
• Proper education against bribery
• I think it's better to make awareness programs, declarations and put strict laws for all bribers. And reward the people who delivers information to the competent authority • Being a real Muslim
• Teach our young children human values, honesty, hard work, sincerity
• Put corruption fighter in each organization Number of MACC officers should be increased Question14
Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields?
In the last question of the survey, we have asked the surveyors to propose a solution to overcome bribery in engineering fields specifically. Moreover, below are some of the top comments.
• Suit the corrupted workers
• Cut the salary of the briber till he stops bribing
• Check frequently where and what are the source of the workers' salary come from
• To implement the law, spread awareness.
• Strict rules for approving engineering projects.
• Bribery in engineering should be treated in special way, such make special department to check every single enterprise and check every small process.
• Ethics development.
• Fire the employee who bribe.

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Lecturer Survey
Referring to the same survey form, we have printed a hard copy of the survey and asked various engineering lecturers to fill it up so we can get their opinion and thoughts of this issue in engineering fields. Although they did not involve in engineering fields, as they are in practicing in an academic fields but taking they thoughts would consider as important as taking It from an engineer practicing it in the engineering field. We are managed to get seven responses, analyzing the survey for each lecturer will be separately.

•

Nur Badariah Ahmad Mustafa
She showed some welcoming to us at first when we asked her to fill

the questionnaire. Figure.5 shown below is a picture of Ms Nur Badariah while filling the survey.

Figure.5: shows Ms Nur Badariah while filling the survey.

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Her response of the survey will be put in points form of each question:
i.

Have you ever bribe someone in your life?
No

ii.

Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone?
Yes

iii.

Would you bribe if you were about to enter jail?
No

iv.

Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe? No

v.

Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors.
Strongly Agree

vi.

Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery?
Seeking for high profit
Dominate the market
Ease of process
Greed

vii.

Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession?
Yes

viii.

Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries? Strongly Agree

ix.

Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
(MACC)"?
Yes

x.

Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia?
Yes

xi.

Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough? Yes

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Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment?
Yes

xiii.

Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia.
Educate people, show them the effect of doing bribery.

xiv.

Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields?
Educate them and give punishment.

o Analysis of Ms Nur Badariah survey:
From her answers we can see that she agrees that bribery is one of the major issue or problem in Malaysia either in general or in engineering environment. And she also agrees that Malaysian AntiCorruption Commission (MACC) are eradicating corruption in Malaysia, which gives a credit to MACC. She is strongly agree that bribery actually harming the economic of Malaysia which means that if bribery been eradicated in Malaysia it will increase the economic and will make
Malaysia one of the strongest countries in economic and that leads to increase the salary and so many things as well.
Talking about her was to overcome bribery in Malaysia was about educating people of the effects of bribing as well as giving punishments. The education is pretty good idea, because some people they may does bribe as a normal attitude or action and they have no such idea as that is wrong action they might take is as a reward.

•

Prajindra Sankar Krishnan
He was so welcoming us to fill the questionnaire. Figure.6 shown

below is a picture of Mr Prajindra while filling the survey.

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Figure.6: shows Mr Prajindra while filling the survey.

His response of the survey will be put in points form of each question:
i.

Have you ever bribe someone in your life?
No

ii.

Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone?
Yes

iii.

Would you bribe if you were about to enter jail?
No

iv.

Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe? No

v.

Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors.
Agree

vi.

Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery?
Greed

vii.

Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession?
Yes

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Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries? Strongly Agree

ix.

Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
(MACC)"?
Yes

x.

Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia?
No

xi.

Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough? No

xii.

Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment?
Yes

xiii.

Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia.
Transparent x non-biased dealing which are done under supervision of an efficient MACC.
Heavy penalty for those convicted of bribery.

xiv.

Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields?
All dealing must be mentioned closely.
Declaration of assets as a proof.
Must not have conflict of interests between two parties.

o Analysis of Mr Prajindra survey:
Seems like Mr Prajindra also considering bribery as wrong action and he was agree that bribery might give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors, which means that without bribey most of the engineering project will increase the workmanship. He chosen greed as a reason why competitors in engineering field resort to bribery. And that means even though if the salary had been increased, there is still people going to bribe.
Bribery does harm the economic of Malaysia that what Mr
Prajindra chosen. He sees that MACC are not eradicating corruption in
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Malaysia, which means that MACC are not doing their job correctly or in other word they don’t involve in eradicating many corruption as is should be. His thoughts of the way to overcome bribery or corruption in Malaysia has to be more transparent to the way it is now and they have to put heavy penalties for those convicted of bribery. He also sees that all engineering deals must be mentioned closely, declaration of the assets as proof and must not have conflict of interests between two parties. A way of mentioning all the deal closely is really going to reduce bribery in engineering fields because if it mentions closely that will make the bribers avoiding bribery in a way of not being caught.

•

Ayuniza Binti Ahmad
Even though she was busy marking papers she happily accepted to fill

the questionnaire. “A good topic to write a report about“ Ms Ayuniza said.
Means that she must been seen or heard about bribery in Malaysia a lot.
Figure.7 shown below is a picture of Ms Ayuniza while filling the survey.

Figure.7: shows Ms Ayuniza while filling the survey.

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Her response of the survey will be put in points form of each question:
i.

Have you ever bribe someone in your life?
No

ii.

Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone?
Yes

iii.

Would you bribe if you were about to enter jail?
No

iv.

Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe? No

v.

Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors.
Agree

vi.

Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery?
Ease of process

vii.

Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession?
Yes

viii.

Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries? Strongly Agree

ix.

Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
(MACC)"?
Yes

x.

Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia?
Yes

xi.

Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough? Yes

xii.

Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment?
No

xiii.

Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia.
Back to our religion.

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Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields?
Don’t ever give bribe.

o Analysis of Ms Ayuniza survey:
Bribery is a wrong action been agreed by Ms Ayuniza. She sees that rewarding someone for completing your work doesn’t consider as briber, which means that she can differentiate between bribery and rewarding which is mentioned in problems with present system. Her opinion on why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery is that it will ease the process, that shows that if bribery been eradicated in engineering fields no one will pay to finish his process which means every process have to be done it it’s due date or the estimated time.
MACC in Ms Ayuniza opinion doing a great job in eradicating bribery in Malaysia, which means in few years MACC will manage to eradicated bribery in all over, Malaysia which will leads to so many advantages such as developing Malaysia in lesser time. Her thought that bribery is not a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment, which means that bribery, is not prevalent in engineering environment and that ameliorate the image of engineering environment.
Going back to the religion (Islam) is the way to overcome bribery in Malaysia and refusing of bribing people in engineering fields was her opinion to overcome bribery in engineering fields. As in Islam bribery is forbidden and is a major sin and due to what is been mentioned in Quran / Sunnah that is cursing for the perpetrator. If each briber or bribee knows Quran and Sunnah well they would never bribe.

•

Dr. Nadia Tan Mei Lin
The time we reached her office she wasn’t there yet, so we waited for

few minutes. When she arrived she was a bit tired and we thought she would refuse to do the survey but the time we told her the survey for Engineering In
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Society (EIS) subject she accept to do the survey which was so kind of her to do so. Figure.8 shown below is a picture of Dr. Nadia while filling the survey.

Figure.8: shows Dr. Nadia while filling the survey.

Her response of the survey will be put in points form of each question:
i.

Have you ever bribe someone in your life?
No

ii.

Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone?
Yes

iii.

Would you bribe if you were about to enter jail?
No

iv.

Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe? No

v.

Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors.
Strongly Agree

vi.

Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery?
Ease of process

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Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession?
Yes

viii.

Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries? Agree

ix.

Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
(MACC)"?
Yes

x.

Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia?
No

xi.

Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough? No

xii.

Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment?
No

xiii.

Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia.
Education and strong enforcement.

xiv.

Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields?
Transparent process of tender is required.

o Analysis of Dr. Nadia survey:
As others, Dr. Nadia also agrees on bribery is a wrong action as well as she strongly agrees on higher payers having the priority to get the tender which seems that in Malaysia it works on this way, the more you pay you going to get the tender without even consider their workmanship.
Ease of process was her choice in the reason of why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery and it means that in her opinion low salary wasn’t an issue to go for bribery.
Dr. Nadia sees that MACC are not eradicating corruption in
Malaysia and not independent, transparent and professional enough either.
It means that in her opinion MACC are not good enough to handle such thing, which need from us to inform them and find ways to be more
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independent, transparent and professional than ever. She also sees that in engineering environment bribery is not one of the major problems. And her thoughts of ways to overcome bribery in Malaysia are by education and strong enforcement. As specifically in engineering fields she sees that transparent process of tender is required.

•

Yip Chan Heng
Mr Yip wasn’t really free and he asked ask to come back in 30 minutes

time as he was doing marking test.1 papers for his students. Mr Yip has sense of humor and while he started filling the survey he made jokes, it was worth it to wait him for about 30 minutes. Figure.9 shown below is a picture of Mr Yip while filling the survey.

Figure.9: shows Mr Yip while filling the survey.

His response of the survey will be put in points form of each question:
i.

Have you ever bribe someone in your life?
No

ii.

Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone?
Yes

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Would you bribe if you were about to enter jail?
No

iv.

Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe? No

v.

Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors.
Strongly Agree

vi.

Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery?
Ease of process

vii.

Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession?
Yes

viii.

Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries? Strongly Agree

ix.

Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
(MACC)"?
Yes

x.

Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia?
No

xi.

Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough? No

xii.

Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment?
Yes

xiii.

Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia.
Enforce the law strictly without favours.

xiv.

Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields?
Open tender for all and have a complete body to decide on the acceptance of tenders.

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o Analysis of Mr Yip survey:
Seems like Mr Yip also considers bribery as wrong action and he was agree that bribery will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors, which means that without bribey most of the engineering project will increase the workmanship. He chosen ease of process as a reason why competitors in engineering field resort to bribery. And that means in engineering field there we must find away to make the process easier for all the competitors, which will prevent bribing in this case.
He is strongly agree that bribery actually harming the economic of Malaysia and he even was explaining why is that so. He said by taking japan as an example they are one of the fastest countries in developing and for sure if they use bribery they won’t reach to the level they are now.
Means that if bribery been eradicated in Malaysia it will increase the economic and will make Malaysia one of the strongest countries in the world. •

Jehana Ermy Binti Jamaluddin
We actually having a class with Ms Jehana so we thought of giving her

a survey form to fill up if she doesn’t mind and she doesn’t. “What a topic are you guys doing!!” she said. She actually liked the topic and she filled it carefully and read each statement and question carefully too. Figure.10 shown below is a picture of Ms Jehana while filling the survey.

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Figure.10: shows Ms Jehana while filling the survey.

Her response of the survey will be put in points form of each question:
i.

Have you ever bribe someone in your life?
No

ii.

Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone?
Yes

iii.

Would you bribe if you were about to enter jail?
No

iv.

Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe? Yes

v.

Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors.
Strongly Agree

vi.

Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery?
Seeking for high profit
Ease of process

vii.

Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession?
Yes

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Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries? Strongly Agree

ix.

Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
(MACC)"?
Yes

x.

Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia?
Yes

xi.

Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough? Yes

xii.

Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment?
Yes

xiii.

Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia.
Believe in competitiveness.

xiv.

Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields?
Have an observation body.

o Analysis of Ms Jehana survey:
Like other lecturers she agrees on bribery considers as a wrong action and she is strongly agree on the that bribery will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors. She sees that the reasons of why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery are seeking for high profit and ease of process, which means the low salary is taking action in in spreading bribery in Malaysia.
She sees that MACC are just doing a good job in eradicating corruption in Malaysia. Believing in competitiveness is a way she wrote to overcome bribery in Malaysia as well as having an observation body in engineering fields will prevent bribery there. Having observation body in each engineering organization is important as the liquidity of money, because without money the organization won’t success and without having an observation body the bribery won’t prevent.
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Nor Iza binti Mohd Rawi
It was accidentally we met Ms Not Iza in COIT. She was sitting on a

booth of donation which kind of related to our topic (money). She kindly accepted to do the survey. Figure.11 shown below is a picture of Ms Not Iza while filling the survey.

Figure.11: shows Ms Nor Iza while filling the survey.

Her response of the survey will be put in points form of each question:
i.

Have you ever bribe someone in your life?
No

ii.

Do you think it is wrong to bribe someone?
Yes

iii.

Would you bribe if you were about to enter jail?
No

iv.

Does rewarding someone for completing your work consider as bribe? Yes

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Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors.
Strongly Agree

vi.

Why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery?
Seeking for high profit
Ease of process
Greed

vii.

Do you think bribery affects the image of engineering profession?
Yes

viii.

Bribery is harming the economic development in developing countries? Strongly Agree

ix.

Have you ever heard of "Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
(MACC)"?
Yes

x.

Do you think MACC eradicate corruption in Malaysia?
No

xi.

Do you think MACC independent, transparent and professional enough? No

xii.

Do you think bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment?
Yes

xiii.

Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia.
Implement hudud.

xiv.

Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering fields?
Educate the engineers starting from their undergraduate study. Blacklist the company that practice bribery.

o Analysis of Ms Nor Iza survey:
Bribery is a wrong action been agreed by Ms Nor Iza. She sees that rewarding someone for completing your work does consider as briber,
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“gift or rewards must be given without the opposite person have to do anything or else its bribery. Her opinion on the reasons of why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery are seeking for high profit, ease of process and greed, that means low salary, not finishing the process in estimated time and peoples greed are the reasons as well, the salary of the engineers have to be increased and the processes must be finished in faster time so that people won’t go for bribery.
She sees that MACC are not eradicating corruption in
Malaysia, which means that MACC are not doing great job or in other word they don’t involve in eradicating many corruption as is should be.
Again Islam is involved in this form as a way to overcome bribery in Malaysia by implementing hudud. And Educating the engineers starting from their undergraduate study as well as blacklisting companies that practices bribery.

In conclusion, we can conclude that all the lecturers haven’t ever bribed someone before, which shows that all of them are well educated as well as in the academic fields bribery doesn’t been in action. And all of them are agreeing that bribery is a wrong action. As well all of them are not going to bribe even though if they are about to go to jail, which means that no matter what, bribery is not way for an engineers to escape from the law.
Only two lecturers considers rewarding someone for completing your work is a bribery and the rest doesn’t, means that different people have different perception according to their life experience, each have his own perception. Five lecturers out of seven were strongly agreed that the more you pay the higher chance of getting the tender no matter how your workmanship is. Ease of process was the highest chosen reason as why do competitors in engineering field resort to bribery and that lead to restructuring the way of the process goes is required. All the lecturers agreed that bribery would affect the image of engineering profession. Six out of 7 lecturers strongly agreed that the less the bribery the better the economic of Malaysia.
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MACC are known by all the lecturers but unfortunately four out of seven were seeing that MACC are not eradicating corruption in Malaysia and not independent, transparent and professional enough either. Seriously MACC have to work very hard in order to improve their image in the country. Bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment chosen by five lecturers while the rest chosen not a major problem.
Here are the ways the lecturers proposed to overcome bribery in Malaysia generally and in engineering field particularly:
i. Educating people in the effects of bribery, what it leads to as well as believing in competitiveness. ii. Involve Islam by implementing hudud I.e. enforce the law strictly without favours. iii. Heavy penalty for those convicted of bribery. iv. All dealing must be mentioned closely i.e. have an observation body.
v. Transparent process of tender is required. vi. Blacklist the company that practice bribery.

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Discussion
In discussion section we have to parts, the first part will be covering a discussion on the solution as the second part will be on the survey we made. Each part will be discussed separately.

•

Solution Discussion:
Based on the proposed solutions to the problem of bribery, we can now

discuss the practicality and ease of each solution and also compare them with one another. Each solution will be thoroughly looked into and analyzed section by section in order to help the authorities choose the best possible way, if not all, to opposed and stop bribery in any means, according to their needs and resources. Authorities and governments may look upon the most common type of bribery occurring in the engineering society, consider their power of action, realize the risks and problems that they may face performing the solution, compare the prices between each solution and therefore choose the best suitable solution in order to fight bribery. This discussion is meant to help and ease the processes of doing so and also shorten the period of it.
The first proposed solution was to assign forces in different sections of a country such as judicial courts, tax organizations, health care systems, police departments, real states and so on, in order to monitor activities of these organizations and spot any illegal actions of bribery performed in any of these organizations, and eventually reporting them to the authorities to take the suitable actions to stop them. The advantages of this solution could be the decrease in chance of cheating the monitoring system as the monitor will be an authorized agent by the government and is an intelligent human being.
Machines and paper works could be manipulated when the right person is being bribed into doing such things but when an agent is monitoring the processes of a project being completed, this possibility is reduced to zero. On the other hand it could be a disadvantage, if the agent himself goes corrupt and decides to accept bribes In order to overlook any illegal transactions or other activities. Other disadvantage of this solution could be the lack of man power
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in the government to assign to monitor each project closely. It might also cost the government a lot if they are to pay the incomes of the agents.
The other solution that was proposed was to teach the society about the effects of bribery on the economy of a country and aware them of the damages it may befall the society health wise. The plan is to inform the children of the problem of bribery in general and prepare their minds to accept more information on bribery and to oppose them in the future. This solution could be really effective if the teaching and informing is done properly and the educational systems do their duty in bribery fight well done. The advantages of this solution could be the low cost of this process. The process could be done in schools and other educational organizations without spending so much on it. Additional information on bribery and taking some time to prepare the mind of the youth besides the every-day school activities does not need a big budget. Also the time that it may take to prepare the children’s minds and forming their ideas towards the bribery problem, is very short comparing to the time it might take to stop bribery or undo the damages done by it. Also this way the issue of bribery and the problems it may cause will get into the child’s mind and will stay there forever and will be more effective. The disadvantage of this solution is that it’s not only the education systems that are affecting the youth mind but also media and family as well therefore we cannot hundred percent rely on this method.
The last but not the least important proposed solution was to hire the media to assist the government in fighting against bribery for the media is one of the most effective ways that could direct the society’s mind into the desired way of thinking. In this plan, media is supposed to take the role into forming the idea of bribery fight in all the sections that people may participate in, which in this case is the engineering world which has its own such as magazines and TV channels and documentary series. This method will be mostly effective on the class of people who use the media more commonly.
The advantage of this method is related to the effectiveness of media and its control on the society’s way of thinking which is really high. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of it, making documentaries about
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bribery only, assigning specific magazines and newspapers of the engineering world to cover the stories about the damages that bribery has befallen upon the engineering world and etc.

•

Survey Discussion:
Bribery becomes custom habit in our world, I believe that many people

do not mind to give bribe to complete their work or to get rid of high cost penalties. Based on the survey, about 55% of participants were bribing in someday in the past, whereas the rest 45% they haven’t, it does not mean all of them against the bribery, but, they may not face any problem in their life that associated with the bribery or (giving some money to eliminate the problem).
Not to forget, some of the participants do not like the bribery and they see it as major problem in their country. Thus, they are fighting against bribery and they willing their society is free-corruption society. In addition, most of people who give bribery know about the effects of this problem, and they do not intent to bribe, but is some cases they couldn’t force themselves to fight the bribery due to some reasons such as paying RM50 bribery instead of RM 500 penalty. People think when they are rewarding some body of doing and completing their work is not bribery, personally I am with their thinking and based on the survey about 63% agreeing that rewarding some one of completing their work is not bribe, since your work is done and you are free to give or not to give, this is one point. In other side, when you are rewarding some one of completing the work, you are encouraging him to do the other work perfectly.
One of the dangerous problems of bribery is bribing in engineering projects, and consequences of this are highly costs and the consequences cannot be recovered such as death of number of people due to collapse or other disasters. Referring to the survey, about 43% strongly agree that Bribing in engineering projects will give the priority to the higher payers to get the tender, even though their workmanship is worst among the competitors, and
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that’s the truth in some developing countries. 31% participants are agreeing to that statement and that’s fine. Whereas 17% and 9% are disagreeing and strongly disagreeing respectively, from my point of view, they are not aware enough of the way of the problem or they are looking in the engineering professional in good image as some developed countries.
Regarding to the image of the engineering professional as I mentioned in previous paragraph, people creating the image by looking to the finished projects and how the projects done. Stack to the survey, the people who think the bribe is affecting the image of the engineering about 66%, the survey make you wondering why 34% is not agreeing to this statement, because the participants who are not agreeing, they think the projects associated with bribery and projects without bribery are same at the end, I am not blaming them in their answer because it’s happened that the projects with or without bribery has same ending result but it’s rare.
Economics of the country or region is the base of the government and when the economic condition of certain country is very low, the government suffering a lot and there are some consequences of that. Our project is bribery and does the bribery effect the economic situation of the country. Regarding to the survey, 83% people are agreeing to this statement. In contrast, the people who are not agreeing to that are assuming the cost of the projects with bribery is equal to the projects without, and that’s wrong, since the projects come with bribery is highly costs for example the contractor who win the tender is going to pay extra money to people who helped him to get the tender.
Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) is an organization created for the purpose of eliminating corruption. Corruption takes many methods and one of them is bribery. In 2008, the Parliament and the
Government totally approved the formation of an independent anti-corruption commission to be known as the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
(MACC) and replacing the ACA Act 1982 to the MACC Act. When asking people who heard about the organization in the survey, the answer is about
35% who heard about it and the rest unfortunately does not know about the
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organization. Moreover, people who heard about (MACC) are divided into two groups, 1st group who think the (MACC) are capable to eliminate and eradicate the corruption in Malaysia are about 35%, whereas the other they don’t think so and unfortunately is quite big percentage.
In addition, there are some people who assume the (MACC) organization is not fully independent, transparent and professional enough; they are about58% and that is disappointing to other people who have not heard about it. Maybe, some of causes of this; the (MACC) organization is not enough announced and maybe, the (MACC) does not make a libel to who caught in corruption.
Bribery is a major problem for an engineer in competitive environment, since the competitors will be selected upon who give the higher bribe in bribery environment. In addition, some people who think the bribery will not affect an engineering professional competitive environment, since there is not real competitive environment and the percentage of those people are 40%, which is considered quite big. Whereas, the rest are agreeing to the statement and they have their own thinking. They might agree about my reason in competitive environment.

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Conclusion
Bribery means offering or accepting something of value in a condition where the person who accept the bribe has to perform a service which goes beyond his or her normal job. It is common to find yourself asked to give or accept the bribery, but the important part, did you agree to that; even you are forced to bribe for avoiding bigger problem. Rewarding and bribing are close to each other but first is appreciated where the second which bribing is considered as corruption. Actually, if you give worker money or something of value after finishing your work in prefect manner is considered as rewarding, but if the worker knows that definitely he will get reward or you promise him to give him so that’s clear bribery.
As we know, bribe becomes common issue in developing countries and it’s hard to get rid of it easily. Bribery has been involved with everything around us, and become the biggest challenges for governments of developing countries. Bribery has been appeared clearly in engineering business even in developed countries; especially when the company originally from developed country that has projects in developing or underdeveloped countries. Engineering sector involved in bribery in many forms and it’s difficult for government to trace out the bribery in engineering unless there are some problems appear as results of bribery.
Most of countries established organizations or authorities to eliminate all forms of corruption and one of them are major corruption become common custom specifically in engineering sector which is bribery. Malaysia is one of the developing countries who are surviving from bribery and in order to fight bribery, Malaysia has established one organization and tried to develop the organization to meet the evaluation of development of the world. Malaysia starts in 1973, the Anti-Corruption
Agency (ACA), then changes its name to the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) as a fully-fledged department under the Home Ministry. In 1982, NBI was renamed back to Anti-Corruption Agency (ACA). The government reformed the (ACA) The
Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) as Act 2009. Malaysian AntiCorruption Commission (MACC) is an organization created for the purpose of eliminating corruption.
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Every problem has its own causes and effects, as mentioned above; bribery has 3 kinds of problems. Engineers turn to bribe in engineering environment due to some reasons such if the administration of the organization is weak and there is no leader can run the organization tightly, law income of the engineers turns them to find side payment, easing the process of doing an engineering project and to omit the wrongdoings in the engineering organization.
The government of Malaysia fights the corruption in its all forms especially bribery, Malaysia wants the meet the goals and aims of getting rid of the corruption.
Addressing the bribery in engineering profession is a significant goal to eliminate of bribery in engineering projects and make the Malaysia engineering society is freecorruption. Working as engineering based on morals values and the spiritual is big factor to generate good image of engineering environment.
Investigating the problem of bribery to try to find exact solution or nearby to overcome or stop the bribing. Bribery as considered as major issue of the societies, authorities and governments trying to come up with proper solution without delaying the wheel of the development. Media is main factor to trend the think of people and it has been examined of effecting people in various ages. Monitoring the enterprises and factories could be highly costs but it is such a good idea to decrease the number of bribery in the monitoring sector.
Unfortunately, as normal people, the size of the bribery as serious issue is unknown but peoples know that any one performs the bribery considered as guilty.
Sometimes, people sympathize with workers who asking for bribing to complete or do some process because of low income or high cost of life. Based on the survey, most of participants did bribing in someday-in past in somehow condition, although they understand that is 100% wrong action.

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References

[1] RCW 9A.68.010. Bribery. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.library.mun.ca/guides/howto/apa.php#govdoc [2] Olufemi Adekoya. (n.d.). TO BRIBE OR NOT TO BRIBE [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/gateway/files.php?file=cepmlp_car13_40_8621386 85.pdf
[3] Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. (2012, September). ON THE ROAD TO
A CORRUPTION-FREE NATION [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.sprm.gov.my/files/Initiatif_Book.pdf [4] Jason Ng. (2012, December 11). Malaysia Tops Bribery Table. The Wall Street
Journal South East Asia. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/searealtime/2012/12/11/malaysia-tops-bribery-table/?mg=blogswsj&url=http%253A%252F%252Fblogs.wsj.com%252Fsearealtime%252F2012%25 2F12%252F11%252Fmalaysia-tops-bribery-table
[5] Engineer Pleads Guilty To Bribe Charges. (2013, January 08). Retrieved from http://www.sprm.gov.my/jurutera-mengaku-salah-terima-suapan.html?&lang=en [6] Bernama Media. (2011, June 17). MPHTJ ENGINEER CHARGED WITH
CORRUPTION. Yahoo News Malaysia. Retrieved from http://my.news.yahoo.com/mphtj-engineer-charged-corruption-080754295.html [7] Malaysia. (2011, June 01). MACC may continue with Sime Darby bribery case. the malaysian insider. Retrieved from http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia
/article/macc-may-continue-with-sime-darby-bribery-case
[8] Why Engineering is Rewarding? [JPEG]. Retrieved from: http://www.mangalam.net/admission/Why-Engineering-is-Rewarding.html [9] Longnecker, Justin C., "The Ethical Issues of International Bribery," Journal of
Business Ethics, Vol. 7, 1988, pp. 341-346.
[10] Fitzgerald, A. Ernest, "The Pentagonists", Houghton Mifflin, 1989
[11] Martin, Mike W. and Roland Schinzinger, "Ethics in Engineering", Second
Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1989.
[12] Global Anti-Corruption Education and Training (ACET) Project By Jimmy H.
Smith, Ph.D.
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References

[13] Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. (n.d.). Creating a Corruption-Free
Malaysia [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.sprm.gov.my/files/The_Fight_Against_Coruption.pdf &
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Appendix
APPENDIX A

(Minutes of Meeting 1)

Name
Mohammed Basloom
Mohammed Hashim Kear
Rashad Khaled Al Sadi
Iman Soltani
Seyed mohammad Hashemi
Sadaf aminmansour

Title
Project leader
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member

ID
EE086497
EE086508
EE086510
CE086489
CE086774
CE086719

Present
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Meeting Location & Date
Coffee shop: Starbucks
2013, June 24

Meeting Start
Meeting Schedule Start: 7:00 pm
Meeting Actual Start: 7:30 pm

Agenda
•

Discussion on assignment title o •

Allocation of job between group member o o o o

•

Discussion on assignment title requirement.
Members are required to find a case related to the assignment title and conduct case studies. Members are required to develop survey question related to assignment title.
The task given is to be done and to be discuss in the next meeting.
Group in whatsapp and facebook has been created for ease of communication.

Setting time and venue for next meeting o o

The time and venue for the next meeting is to be set after all members’ timetable has been send to group leader for confirmation of free timeslot.
The members will be contacted on the time and venue for the next meeting via facebook and whatsapp.

Meeting End
Meeting Schedule End: 10:30 PM
Meeting Actual End: 11:00 pm
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APPENDIX B

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(Minutes of Meeting 2)

Name
Mohammed Basloom
Mohammed Hashim Kear
Rashad Khaled Al Sadi
Iman Soltani
Seyed mohammad Hashemi
Sadaf aminmansour

Title
Project leader
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member

ID
EE086497
EE086508
EE086510
CE086489
CE086774
CE086719

Present
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Meeting Location & Date
Coffee shop: Starbucks
2013, July 1

Meeting Start
Meeting Schedule Start: 6:00 pm
Meeting Actual Start: 6:10 pm

Agenda
•

Decision on the needs to conduct a survey o o

•

Report Format o •

The question on the needs to conduct a survey on the given topic was discussed.
After the discussion, it is concluded that a survey will be posted in google docs, which will give an accurate and relatable result to the assignment.
The report for the assignment is divided to 10 parts:
! PART 1: Introduction
! PART 2: Present System
! PART 3: Problems With Present System
! PART 4: Objectives
! PART 5: Solution
! PART 6: Survey Form
! PART 7: Survey Analysis
! PART 8: Lecturer Survey
! PART 9: Discussion
! PART 10: Conclusion, References, Appendix

Allocation of parts o o

Each member is given a part (from part1-5).
The member responsible for the each part is as follow:
! Part 1&2&3: Mohammed Basloom
! Part 4: Mohammed Hashim, Rashad Khaled
! Part 5: Iman Soltani
! Part 6&7&8: Sadaf aminmansour
! Part 9: Seyed mohammad Hashemi
! Part 10: Rashad Khaled

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Due Date o o

The due date for members to complete the task allocated is on 25th of July 2013.
The complete parts will be posted in the group message in the facebook for compilation and checking purposes.

Meeting End
Meeting Schedule End: 10:45 pm
Meeting Actual End: 11:30 pm

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APPENDIX C

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(Minutes of Meeting 3)

Name
Mohammed Basloom
Mohammed Hashim Kear
Rashad Khaled Al Sadi
Iman Soltani
Seyed mohammad Hashemi
Sadaf aminmansour

Title
Project leader
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member

ID
EE086497
EE086508
EE086510
CE086489
CE086774
CE086719

Present
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Meeting Location & Date
Apartment: Mohammed Basloom’s home
2013, July 27

Meeting Start
Meeting Schedule Start: 4:00 pm
Meeting Actual Start: 4:15 pm

Agenda
•

Review of all the parts expect for part 10: o o

•

Rashad been asked to start doing part 10: o •

It took about 3 hours to done it perfectly during our meeting.

The Format of the Report: o o o •

The parts done based on the topic given is reviewed and discussed.
Minor correction been discussed and made.

Discussion is done on the format of the report.
The method of citation is decided
All the parts done by member are standardized into the same format discussed.

Preparation of Final Draft: o o o All the parts are to be revised and finalized.
The parts will be combined and completed by Mohammed Basloom.
The final draft will be send to each member for error checking once it’s done.

Meeting End
Meeting Schedule End: 11:00 pm
Meeting Actual End: 12:30 am
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APPENDIX D

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(Survey Analytics)

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Write down one way to overcome bribery in Malaysia.
My advice to them don't use it in your life. Pay a good salary to the employees organizing events to fight bribe the guard is the thief.. by stopping the police from taking it in the first place, the other citizens will not take\pay it!. punish them and fine them proper education against bribery I think it's better to make awareness programs , declarations and put strict laws for all bribers .. And reward the people who delivers information to the competent authority tidak tahu education program of bribery affects increase the salary I don't like it Start from the cops ! strong punishment and increasing the income cameras everywhere punishment all should be fair lecture the people about bribery be strict, especially the police men on the road. an observatory
CCTV system on places where most of the bribery take place being a real
Muslim make 1 Million sentence kill all police officer jail to implement the lawStrict punishment raise up enforcment of laws sue the bribing person ..... Jail increase salary respect give some penalties studying increase the salary high fines strict punishment for the police first of all. The police is worst than others. Once the police is good, the people wont bribe as well. the media must talk about it no idea increasing sallarypunish them fire the corrupted personnel teach our young children human values, honesty, hard work, sincerity Making a direct line to question any cop or police if he got reported... And also employ eyes in the police to clean the workers and the force hight fines ROAD BLOOKS By making the sentence of bribery is difficult to do and making like independent authority to fight bribe in everything in the
Malaysia especially the health and engineering Stop bribing to police calling police No Way! In Malaysia end bribery? Are you kidding me? Stopping bribery happens only when the POLICE in Malaysia, which is the law enforcer stops taking bribe, hence, as long as POLICE takes bribe like noghlo nabat,
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other organizations will continue living on bribe. Zero ringgit note to fight systemic political corruption Everyone should have a good values in themselves. put corruption fighter in each organization Number of MACC officers should be increased punichment anyone caught bribing should be fin no way control the councelors heavy punishment for the bribers so that they will think many time if they stil want to doi again in the future Honesty loyalty and sincerity in work

Propose a measure to overcome bribery in engineering frields ? cancel the certificate for those who using a bribe ....... fine the guilty people suit the corrupted workers cut the salary of the briber till he stops bribing sue the bribing employee put one guy from MACC in each company down grade the posstion of engineer in the coupration check frequently where and what are the source of the workers' salary come from Increase the sentence in the jail lessen the tax to implement the law , spread awareness 1. Use of conscious. 2. Regular checking of construction sites and design procedures by professionals.Strict rules for approving engineering projects bribery in engineering should be treated in special way , such make special department to check every single enterprise and check every small process . studying a,ount of money involved increase salary do not now ethics development penetration :D i don't like it high salary for human resources department strict rules against bribery the punish will be 5 x cost of the project i think the only way is to be honest This depends on the state laws and how to protect the country from bribery and enact laws to deal bribes put corruption fighter in each engineering organization do not care about other fields just focus on yours fire the employee who bribe They have to hard work. no idea

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APPENDIX E

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(Lecturers surveys)

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APPENDIX F

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(Group Evaluation Form)

GROUP NO (AS ASSIGNED):_____________________________________
GROUP LEADER:__MOHAMMED BASLOOM__ STUDENT ID:__EE086497__
Evaluation is made by Group Leader ONLY

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1'–'5'Scale'Descriptors'(see'next'page)'
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____________________!
Student!ID:!
________________'
SELF'

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!

!

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____________________!
Student!ID:!
________________'
Name:!

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!
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!
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!
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Comments'
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!

Contribution'

!

Personality'

!

Responsibility'

!

Leadership'

!

Commitment'

!

Criteria'

Name:!
____________________!
Student!ID:!
________________'
Name:!
____________________!
Student!ID:!
________________'
Name:!
____________________!
Stud_______'
Name:!
____________________!
Student!ID:!
________________!
Name:!
____________________!
Student!ID:!
________________'
Name:!

Peer Evaluation Rubric For Teamwork & Leadership (PO9)
Please rate each of your team members (and yourself) according to the criteria below using the 1 – 5 scale whose descriptors are shown on the following page. Provide comments at the bottom of the table to justify/support your ratings for each member.
(If you award high scores to everyone regardless of their contribution, team members who have worked unduly hard or provided extraordinary leadership will go unrecognized, as will those at the other end of the scale who need your corrective feedback.) !

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Teamwork'and'Leadership'(PO9'–'Affective'Level'1,2'&3)'
Rubric!!Scale!

1!

2!

3!

4!

5!

Blooms&Level&
Criteria!

1(Receiving)&
Poor!

&
!

2(Responding)&
Acceptable!

&
!

3(Valuing)&
Excellent!

A.Commitment'

B.Leadership'

Awareness'to'Participate'
Poor&attendance&of&
meetings&(less&than&50%&),& mostly&late,&comes&to& meetings&unprepared&and& unaware&of&meeting& objectives.&
Acknowledge'Leadership'
Awareness&is&there&but& passive,&waits&for&tasks&to&be& assigned,&just&follow&orders& without&providing& suggestions,&does¬&care& about&team&direction,& demoralizes&others.&

Awareness'of'Responsibility'
Not&committed&in&&
performing&tasks&assigned,& always&giving&excuses&for& C.Responsibility' not&being&able&to&complete& them,&cannot&be&depended& on,&and&in&most&occasion&fail& to&accomplish&tasks&on&time.&

D.Personality'

Undesirable'Personality'
Negative&attitude,&thinks&
everything&is&impossible&and& cannot&be&done,&prefer&to& make&decisions&alone& without&seeking&opinion&of& others,&difficult&and& problematic&to&deal&with.& E.Contribution'

Awareness'of'Contribution&
Little&contribution&in&
providing&ideas&and&leaves& little&impact&on&final& product.&

&

Active'Participation''
70&%&of&meetings&attended&
but&occasionally&late&and& unprepared&but&shows& effort&to&be&on&time&and& ready&to&work.& &

Active'Leadership'
Occasionally&volunteers&to&
do&work&and&give& suggestions,&shows& concern&on&team&focus&and& attempts&to&encourage& others.&

&

Perform'Responsibility'
Perform&responsibilities&
most&of&the&time&and&on& some&occasion&fail&to& complete&tasks&assigned.&
Meets&deadlines&most&of&
the&time.&

&

Fairly'Desirable'
Personality'
Attitude&fairly&positive&but& sometimes&on&the&fence,& tries&to&seek&opinion&of& others&and&provide& encouraging&remarks,&easy& to&deal&with&most&of&the& time.&

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Active'Contribution'
Tries&to&provide&ideas&and,&
leaves&significant&impact& on&final&product.&& &
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Valuing'Participation'
Always&attend&
meetings,&punctual,& prepared&and&ready&to& work.&

&

Valuing'Leadership'
Takes&initiative&with&
commitment,&makes& suggestions,&provides& focus,&sparks&creativity& and&energy.& &

Valuing'Responsibility'
Take&initiative&with&
commitment.&Gladly& accepts&work&and&gets& it&done,&dependable& and&reliable,&meets& target&deadlines.&

&

Desirable'Personality'
Positive&attitude,&
encourage&others,& always&seeks& consensus,&easy&to&deal& with.& &

&

Valuing'Contribution'
Provides&ideas&in&
discussions,&and& provide&very&significant& impact&on&final& product.& Semester$1,$2013/2014&