Situation: The client is a 50-year-old female teacher who was notified of an abnormal screening mammogram. Diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma was made following a stereotactic needle biopsy of a 1.5 x 1.5 cm lobulated mass at the 3:00 position in her left breast. The client had a modified radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection. The sentinel lymph node and 11 of 16 lymph nodes were positive for tumor. Estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were both positive. Further staging work-up was negative for distant metastasis. Her final staging was stage IIB. Her prescribed chemotherapy regimen is 6 cycles of CAF after a single-lumen central line was placed.…
If there are concerns about breast cancer, it is better to discuss the concerns with a health care professional. Knowledge of the risk factors and making healthy lifestyle choices can cut down the…
There are many different diseases that terrorize the human race every day. Of all of these sicknesses, one of the most devastating is breast cancer. Breast cancer touches all types of people all over the world each day. It is actually the second most common cancer amongst women in the United States. One in every eight women in the United States has some form of breast cancer and currently, the death rates are higher than any other cancer with the exception of lung cancer. Cancer is defined by the Merriam-Webster Online dictionary as “a malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis.” Therefore, breast cancer is a disease of life-threatening tumors that continue to grow and invade the body, destroying all in its path. Although this is an accurate explanation of what breast cancer actually is, there really is so much more to it. Understanding Breast cancer at the cellular level gives us greater opportunities for treatment development as well as a better insight to what is actually happening in the body when afflicted with breast cancer.…
About 1 in 8 U.S. women (just under 12%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. In 2011, an estimated 230,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S., along with 57,650 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer (U.S. Breast Cancer Statistics, 2012). According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 210,203 women in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2008, and 40,589 women in the…
Staging is the process of finding out how much cancer there is in the body and where it is located. It is how the doctor learns the stage of a person's cancer. Doctors use this information to plan treatment and to help predict a person's outlook (prognosis). Cancers with the same stage tend to have similar outlooks and are often treated the same way. The cancer stage is also a way for doctors to describe the extent of the cancer when they talk with each other about a person’s case.…
Mammography is the study that involves identifying structures within the breast to classify them as benign or malignant. A mammogram is an image obtained by using x-rays to probe the breast. Mammography has been successful in improving detection of cancer, particularly non-palpable breast masses and calcifications that may be malignant. Institute of Medicine Report on Mammography (Committee on the Early Detection of Breast Cancer 2001) suggests that the reduction in mortality from breast cancer observed in recent years may be due to earlier detection through mammography screening [9]. During a screening for breast cancer radiologists, or readers, inspect mammogram for areas that may indicate further investigation through biopsy, a surgical procedure from which the diagnosis and subsequent prognosis is obtained. Mammography continues to be the standard screening tool for breast cancer detection resulting in at least a 30% reduction in breast cancer deaths [10]; however, not all breast cancer can be detected by mammograms such as micro calcification, masses, architectural distortion, asymmetry between breasts, breast edema and lymphadenopathy, the interpretations of their presence are very difficult because of its morphological features [11]and the sensitivity of…
Audience Link: There is a large amount of men and women who are diagnosed with breast cancer everyday but they usually don’t know how it forms and ways it can be treated. Breast cancer is a very serious disease that shouldn’t be taken likely. Even if you do not have breast cancer, chances are that you know or will know someone who…
First of all, there are two main types of breast cancer invasive, and non-invasive, which means if the cancer is only in your breast or spreading out to other body parts. The first type is Ductal Carcinoma which is a non-invasive breast cancer where abnormal cells have been contained in the lining of the breast milk duct. The second type is Invasive Ductal Carcinoma which means that abnormal cells that originated in the lining of the breast milk duct have invaded surrounding tissue. The third type is Triple Negative Breast cancer which means that the cells in the tumor are negative for progesterone, estrogen, and HER2/neu receptors. The fourth type is Inflammatory Breast Cancer which is a less common form of breast cancer that may not develop a tumor and often affects the skin. The fifth type is Metastatic Breast Cancer which is cancer that has spread beyond the breast, sometimes into the lungs, bones, or brain. The sixth type is breast cancer during pregnancy; women who are diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy may face tremendous additional strain due to concern for the safety of the unborn child. There are also other types that are less common which include Medullary Carcinoma, Tubular Carcinoma, and Mucinous Carcinoma.…
Invasive cancer is the more serious form of breast cancer. Invasive cancer develops when some abnormal cells from the interior of the lobules or ducts rupture out into the breast tissue surrounding the lobules. Once these cells are free, they may travel into the lymphatic and vascular system where they have access to virtually all other areas of the body. These cells are especially fond of migrating to the liver, bones, and lungs. (Dimensions of Human Sexuality, Shriver, S. 2002)…
Because the term “cancer” encompasses a broad range of diseases, diagnosing this disease will vary according to the affected tissues or regions from which it originates. According to Webster’s, the definition of cancer is “a malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis.” It is this unlimited growth and the subsequent invasion of healthy tissue that makes cancers so deadly and aggressive treatment so vital.…
But what exactly is breast cancer? The cancer itself begins when cells begin to grow out of control. Breast cancer is however a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. This disease will generally occur in women, but it can also occur in men. Many people know with breast cancer comes treatment. The treatment will depend of the severity of the cancer. A very common form of treatment is radiation therapy. Tissue expansion is also common. (Breast cancer)…
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death among women in the United States. More than 211, 000 U.S. women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2005, and at least 40, 400 women died as a result of the disease (MacDonald, Sarna, Uman, Grant, & Weitzel, 2006). Breast cancer crosses all demographic lines, affecting women of all ages, races, ethnic groups, socioeconomic strata and geographic locales. Breast cancer…
I. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that may grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it too. (cancer.org)…
The cancer tumors can be categorized in stages by the size, type of cells and…
“Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and afflicts two of every three families.” (Zelman, M., Holdaway, P., Tompary, E., Raymond, J. & Mulvihill, M.L., 2010). Breast cancer is the most frequent diagnosed cancer in women. More than one million cases occur worldwide annually (Zelman, M., Holdaway, P., Tompary, E., Raymond, J. & Mulvihill, M.L., 2010). When it comes to breast cancer there are many areas that you should look at to understand, and be aware of. The areas are to know the cause and risk factors, prevention and detection, the effects on your health, and lastly your treatment options. We will cover each of these areas throughout this essay.…