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Branding Sexuality & Gender: How Does Branding, in the Context of Advertising, Reinforce Gender Stereotypes and Inequalities in the Public Space? What Are the Affects of This?

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Branding Sexuality & Gender: How Does Branding, in the Context of Advertising, Reinforce Gender Stereotypes and Inequalities in the Public Space? What Are the Affects of This?
Branding Sexuality & Gender: How does branding, in the context of advertising, reinforce gender stereotypes and inequalities in the public space? What are the affects of this?

Anna Ptasinski October 2010

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Plagiarism Declaration 1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. 2. I have used the Harvard convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this essay from the work(s) of other people has been acknowledged through citation cited and referenced. 3. This essay is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. 5. I have done the word processing and formatting of this assignment myself.

Signature: ___________A_____________ Anna Urszula Ptasinski

Date: ______2010.10.08______

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Contents Page 1. Introduction 2. Literature Review
2. 1 Gender inequality: it’s relation to branding in our society 2. 2 The female form and feminism 2. 3 Brand strategy and its reinforcement of gender stereotyping and inequality 2. 4 Brands and their advertising: how gender stereotypes are still implemented 2. 5 Influences and effects of branding within the public space 2. 6 Change: understanding branding and the public space 2. 7 Provoking your thoughts: brand campaigns to raise awareness 2. 8 Consequences

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8 9 10 11 13 15 17 19

3. Methodology
- Method of analysis - Research questions - Sample selection - Research aims

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23 23 23 24

4. Results & Findings
- Sexism in the South African context - Respondent’s thoughts on gender stereotyping - Branding and gender stereotyping in the public space - Respondent reaction to the way females are represented in the public space - Sex as a commodity

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25 26 29 30 33

5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography 7. Appendices

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CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to the Study
Some time ago Gustave Le Bonne (1879) compared



Bibliography: Acevedo, C (2006) “How Women are Depicted in Ads? A Content Analysis Study with Brazilian Advertisments” International Business and Economics Research Journal. Vol. 5, No. 10 http://www.cluteinstituteonlinejournals.com/PDFs/2006287.pdf 20 May 2010 Chen, H, et al. (2008) “Gender Difference Influencing Brand Equity” http://www.cluteinstituteonlinejournals.com/Programs/Puerto_Rico_2008/Article%20245%20Chen,%20Miller ,%20%20Green.pdf 25 May 2010 Correll, S & Ridgeway, C. (2004). Unpacking the Gender System: A Theoretical Perspective on Gender Beliefs & Social Relations. Sage Publication: Vol. 18, No. 4. Pp. 510-531 Domosh, M (1999) Sexing feminist geography, Progress in Human Geography 23 (1999) (3), p. 432 Garfield, B (1999) Chauvinist pigskin: Ad review: Superbowl advertisers set the world back 30 years with naked appeals to guys, Advertising Age 1 (1999, Feb. 1) (1) (Editorial). Kim, S (2008). “Feminist Discourse snd the Hegemonic Role of Mass Media” Feminist Media Studies, Vol. 8, No. 4 http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p13233_index.html 20 May 2010 Kim, K & Lowry, D. (2007). Developing a New Gender Role Stereotyping Index for Television Advertising: Coding Stereotypical & Reverse-Stereotypical Portrayals. King, A (2002) “The Prisoner of Gender: Foucault and the Disciplining of the Female Body” http://192.207.56.22/SoAS/JIWS/Mar04/King.pdf 25 May 2010 Long, R. “Social Problems – Chapter 9: Gender Inequality”. 10 January 2010. www.delmar.edu. http://www.delmar.edu/socsci/rlong/problems/chap-09.htm 22 March 2010 McDowell, L (1999). Gender, identity and place: Understanding feminist geographies, Polity Press, UK. Mulvey, L (1985) Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. In: Bill Nichols, Editor, Movies and methods vol. 2, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Oppliger, P. (2008). Girls Gone Skank: The Sexualization of Girls in American Culture. McFarland: Boston University. Pankaj, A. (2004). “The effects of Brand Relationship Norms on Consumer Attitudes & Behaviour.” Journal of Consumer Research. Inc. Vol. 31. June 2004 Plano Clark, V (2003) “Evolution of Gender Roles Portrayed in the Advertisements of Physics Today” http://www.physics.unl.edu/~rpeg/VPC-Gender%20Role.pdf 26 May 2010 Rachoza, J (2003) “The Power of the Gaze: The Stereotypical Image of Women In Advertisements” http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JSS/JSS-17-0-000-0002008-Web/JSS-17-2-089-08-Abst-Text/JSS-17-2-121-08-641-Aruna/JSS-17-2-12108-641-Aruna-Tt.pdf 25 May 2010 Rosewarne, L (2005) “The Men’s Gallery: Outdoor advertising and public space: Gender, Fear and Feminism. http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.uct.ac.za/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6 VBD-4G05MHB1&_user=635696&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=se arch&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1349570086&_rerunOrigin=sc holar.google&_acct=C000033878&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=635696&m d5=2d3988b6573e247c9b22a238dcfa7991 23 May 2010 Shah, G. “Gender Stereotyping in Advertising”. 30 October 2007. [www.livemint.com]

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