Blood Pressure
1.6 Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the main factor in sustaining blood flow through tissues. The force applied to the arterial walls as the heart pumps blood throughout the circulatory system defines the physiological meaning of blood pressure (Bojanov, 2009). Blood pressure is determined by the force, heartbeat rate, and resistance to blood flow through vessels. Cyclic changes in arterial blood pressure are partially attributed to the rhythmic contractions in the left ventricle (Iaizzo, 2009). The pressure within the arteries reaches its highest level (systolic pressure) during systole and reaches the lowest level (diastolic pressure) during ventricular diastole. Blood pressure is decreased to about 30 to 40 mmHg at the entrance of the capillaries and then reduces to 10 mmHg at the venous end of the …show more content…
Equations 1 and 2 represent the derivation of the mean arterial pressure with Pdias representing the diastolic pressure and Psys for systolic pressure. The MAP can be estimated from the diastolic pressure in addition to one-third of the systolic and diastolic pressure difference (Klabunde, 2011). At higher heartbeat rates the mean arterial pressure is approximated by the arithmetic average of the diastolic and systolic pressure due to the change in arterial pressure pulse.
MAP=∫▒〖P dt/∆t〗 (1)
MAP= P_dias+1⁄3 (P_sys-P_dias ) (2)
There are six natural mechanisms for controlling blood pressure: (1) cardiac input and output equilibration, (2) blood volume maintenance, (3) endocrine control, (4) peripheral resistance (systemic vascular resistance) maintenance, (5) baroreceptor reflex, and (6) the renin-angiotensin system (Foxall, 2009). All six mechanisms work independently of one another but also can have positive or negative effects on each other. The mean arterial pressure can be related to arterial blood volume. Cardiac output affects the
Blood pressure is the main factor in sustaining blood flow through tissues. The force applied to the arterial walls as the heart pumps blood throughout the circulatory system defines the physiological meaning of blood pressure (Bojanov, 2009). Blood pressure is determined by the force, heartbeat rate, and resistance to blood flow through vessels. Cyclic changes in arterial blood pressure are partially attributed to the rhythmic contractions in the left ventricle (Iaizzo, 2009). The pressure within the arteries reaches its highest level (systolic pressure) during systole and reaches the lowest level (diastolic pressure) during ventricular diastole. Blood pressure is decreased to about 30 to 40 mmHg at the entrance of the capillaries and then reduces to 10 mmHg at the venous end of the …show more content…
Equations 1 and 2 represent the derivation of the mean arterial pressure with Pdias representing the diastolic pressure and Psys for systolic pressure. The MAP can be estimated from the diastolic pressure in addition to one-third of the systolic and diastolic pressure difference (Klabunde, 2011). At higher heartbeat rates the mean arterial pressure is approximated by the arithmetic average of the diastolic and systolic pressure due to the change in arterial pressure pulse.
MAP=∫▒〖P dt/∆t〗 (1)
MAP= P_dias+1⁄3 (P_sys-P_dias ) (2)
There are six natural mechanisms for controlling blood pressure: (1) cardiac input and output equilibration, (2) blood volume maintenance, (3) endocrine control, (4) peripheral resistance (systemic vascular resistance) maintenance, (5) baroreceptor reflex, and (6) the renin-angiotensin system (Foxall, 2009). All six mechanisms work independently of one another but also can have positive or negative effects on each other. The mean arterial pressure can be related to arterial blood volume. Cardiac output affects the