Biology Test Notes

1. The benefits of breastfeeding for the infant it provides the appropriate composition and balance of nutrients with high biovailability, provides hormones that promote physiological development, improves cognitive development, protects against a variety of infections, may protect against same chronic diseases such as diabetes (both types),obesity, asthma later in life, and protects against food allergies. For the mother it contracts the uterus, delays the return of regular ovulation, conserves iron stores (by prolonging amenorrhea), may protect against breast and ovarian cancer, and reduce the risk of diabetes .Also some other benefits is cost saving from not needing medical treatment for childhood illnesses, cost savings from not needing to purchase formula, convenience of not having to shop for and prepare formula.

2. Staying active can improve fitness, prevent or manage gestational diabetes, facilitate labor, and reduce stress. Regular exercise develops the strength and endurance a women needs to carry the extra weight through pregnancy and to labor through and intense delivery. It also maintains the habits that help a woman lose excess weight and get back into shape after the birth. A pregnant woman should participate in “low impact” activities and avoid sports in which she might fall or be hit by other people or objects. Swimming and water aerobics are particularly beneficial because they allow the body to remain cool and move freely with the water’s suppost, thus reducing back pain. Pregnant women should also stay out of saunas, steam rooms, and not tubs or hot whirl pool baths. It may cause excessively high internal body temperature and dehydration, both of which can harm fetal development.

8. Feature of marasmus reflects a severe deprivation of food over a long time. Put simply, the person is starving and suffering from an inadequate energy and protein intake. Marasmus occurs most commonly in children from 6 to 18 months of age. Children