Biology: How And Why Genes Are Regulated?
Study Guide Chapter 11: How Genes are Controlled I. How and Why Genes are Regulated? A. Gene Expression in Differentiated Cells 1. What does it mean to say that the cells in your body are differentiated? It means that the cells in the body are specialized to do certain tasks with some genes in a cell turned off and some genes in the cell turned on. 2. The great differences among cell types is due to the selective expression of its genes. Define gene expression. Gene expression is the overall process by which genes information flows from genes to proteins that is for a genotype to a phenotype. B. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes 3. Why is gene regulation
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How might the rate of mRNA breakdown in the cytoplasm be utilized as a means of gene regulation? After they bind to complementary sequences in molecules they trigger a breakdown of their target mRNA and block translation. 12. Give an example of a post-translational method of gene regulation. The cutting of the hormone insulin into to shorter chains to activate it. 13. Plant and animals are complex organisms having many different tissue types and organ systems. Gene expression needs to be regulated at both at the molecular and organismal level to maintain homeostasis (i.e., if you are getting low on oxygen, how does your brain “know” this and then coordinate various organs and tissues to correct the problem?) How can one part of the body control gene expression in another part of the body? One part of the body can control gene expression in another by the use of cell to cell signaling. 14. Master control genes called homeotic genes regulate sets of other genes that determine what body parts will develop in what locations.
II. Cloning Plants & Animals 1. Why is it easier to clone plants than
How might the rate of mRNA breakdown in the cytoplasm be utilized as a means of gene regulation? After they bind to complementary sequences in molecules they trigger a breakdown of their target mRNA and block translation. 12. Give an example of a post-translational method of gene regulation. The cutting of the hormone insulin into to shorter chains to activate it. 13. Plant and animals are complex organisms having many different tissue types and organ systems. Gene expression needs to be regulated at both at the molecular and organismal level to maintain homeostasis (i.e., if you are getting low on oxygen, how does your brain “know” this and then coordinate various organs and tissues to correct the problem?) How can one part of the body control gene expression in another part of the body? One part of the body can control gene expression in another by the use of cell to cell signaling. 14. Master control genes called homeotic genes regulate sets of other genes that determine what body parts will develop in what locations.
II. Cloning Plants & Animals 1. Why is it easier to clone plants than