Biology diversity of vertebrates and invertebrates
Lesson 9 Phylum Arthropoda
I. General characteristics
a. Triploblastic
b. Bilateral symmetry
c. Segmented body divided into functional groups –tagmata
d. Jointed appendages
i. One pair to each segment ii. Number mostly reduced iii. Often modified for specialized function
e. Small coelom
f. Cuticular exoskeleton containing chitin
i. Molt at intervals
g. Separated sexes
i. Metamorphisis
h. Nervous, digestive, circulatory (open sys), muscular, excretory system
i. Marine freshwater terrestrial
j. Many capable of flight
II. General body structures
A. Arthropod body plan
1. Segmented body
a. Tagmatisation- head, trunk / head, thorax, abdomen/ cephalothorax
i. Grouping/fusion of adjacent segments into larger functional units called tagma ii. Responsible for performing specialized tasks iii. Appearance of segments also changed. Differences in tagmatisation helps to separate the major classes in phylum arthropoda
2. Jointed appendages
a. Modified for specialized functions (sensory, food handling, swift movement)
3. Hard exoskeleton
a. Secreted by epidermis
b. Made of chitin and protein
c. Flexible & allow muscle attachment
d. Prevent water loss (desiccation) & protect from predators
4. Early arthropods show little variation from segment to segment.
5. Cephalothorax= head + thorax, abdomen
6. Antennae (sensory reception)
7. Pincer (defense)
8. Mouthpart (feeding)
9. Swimming appendages (1 pair under each abdominal segment)
10. Walkong legs
III. Subphyla Hexapoda (insects)
A. Tagmatisation in grass hopper
1. Head, thorax, abdomen
2. 3 pairs of legs on thorax
3. 2 pairs of wings udually
4. others
a. dorsal artery, tracheal tuves, nerve cords, malpighian tues, cerebral ganglion
IV. Subphylum Chelicerata (horseshoe crab)
A. Cheliceriforms – named for clawlike feeding appendages – chelicerae (pincers/fangs)
B. Main characteristics
a. Pair of chelicerae (feeding)
b. Pair of pedipalps 须肢 (walking or reproductive purpose)
c. 4
I. General characteristics
a. Triploblastic
b. Bilateral symmetry
c. Segmented body divided into functional groups –tagmata
d. Jointed appendages
i. One pair to each segment ii. Number mostly reduced iii. Often modified for specialized function
e. Small coelom
f. Cuticular exoskeleton containing chitin
i. Molt at intervals
g. Separated sexes
i. Metamorphisis
h. Nervous, digestive, circulatory (open sys), muscular, excretory system
i. Marine freshwater terrestrial
j. Many capable of flight
II. General body structures
A. Arthropod body plan
1. Segmented body
a. Tagmatisation- head, trunk / head, thorax, abdomen/ cephalothorax
i. Grouping/fusion of adjacent segments into larger functional units called tagma ii. Responsible for performing specialized tasks iii. Appearance of segments also changed. Differences in tagmatisation helps to separate the major classes in phylum arthropoda
2. Jointed appendages
a. Modified for specialized functions (sensory, food handling, swift movement)
3. Hard exoskeleton
a. Secreted by epidermis
b. Made of chitin and protein
c. Flexible & allow muscle attachment
d. Prevent water loss (desiccation) & protect from predators
4. Early arthropods show little variation from segment to segment.
5. Cephalothorax= head + thorax, abdomen
6. Antennae (sensory reception)
7. Pincer (defense)
8. Mouthpart (feeding)
9. Swimming appendages (1 pair under each abdominal segment)
10. Walkong legs
III. Subphyla Hexapoda (insects)
A. Tagmatisation in grass hopper
1. Head, thorax, abdomen
2. 3 pairs of legs on thorax
3. 2 pairs of wings udually
4. others
a. dorsal artery, tracheal tuves, nerve cords, malpighian tues, cerebral ganglion
IV. Subphylum Chelicerata (horseshoe crab)
A. Cheliceriforms – named for clawlike feeding appendages – chelicerae (pincers/fangs)
B. Main characteristics
a. Pair of chelicerae (feeding)
b. Pair of pedipalps 须肢 (walking or reproductive purpose)
c. 4